162 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
a*. Rectrices ten; plumage more or less mottled or streaked, never white. 
b’, Exposed culmen equal to or mgggthan middle toe without claw; size much 
smaller; wing less than 220 * 
c’. Culmen more than tarsus.* 
d@'. Smaller; wing less than 160 mm....................-..------..- Ixobrychus (p. 178) 
d@*. Larger; wing more.than 180 mm............22-..-.-...-.-sss0-200---2 Dupetor (p. 182) 
c?. Culmen equal to or less than tarsus................---.-----00-0+ Nannocnus (p. 180) 
b?. Exposed culmen much less than middle toe without claw; size much greater; 
WAT MOTE) Gham 2 6 Orr eee aaa a cease eee eee ese Botaurus (p. 183) 
Genus PYRRHERODIA Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870. 
This genus of large herons is distinguished by having the claws very 
long ; hind toe contains its claw one and two-thirds times; tarsus contains 
the hind toe with claw one and one-half times. 
134. PYRRHERODIA MANILENSIS (Meyen). 
EASTERN PURPLE HERON, 
Ardea purpurea var. manilensis MEYEN, Acta Acad. Leop. Carol. (1834), 16, 
suppl. 102. 
Phoyx manillensis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1898), 26, 63, pl. 1. 
Ardea manillensis BLANFORD, Fauna Brit. India Bds. (1898), 4, 381. 
Pyrrherodias manillensis SHARPE, Hand-List (1889), 1, 194; Oates, Cat. 
Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 111, McGrecor and Worcester, Hand-List 
(1906), 32. 
La-pay, Ticao. 
Bohol (McGregor) ; Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester) ; Catanduanes (White- 
head) ; Leyte (Steere Exp.) ; Luzon (Meyen, Whitehead, McGregor) ; Marinduque 
(Steere Exp.) ; Mindoro (Bourns & Worcester) ; Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & 
Worcester, Whitehead) ; Palawan (Bourns € Worcester); Panay (Steere Ezp., 
Bourns & Worcester); Romblon (McGregor); Samar (Whitehead); Sibuyan 
(McGregor) ; Tablas (Bourns € Worcester) ; Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester) ; 
Ticao (McGregor). Celebes, Indian and Malay Peninsulas, Ceylon, China, Greater 
Sunda Islands. 
- Adult male.—‘Forehead, crown, long occipital crest, a streak down 
back of neck, one on each side of neck, and another on each side from 
gape to nape slaty black; chin and throat white, rest of head and neck 
ferruginous red, paler and buff, on sides of head and middle of fore neck; 
long feathers overhanging upper breast buffy white, streaked with black 
and chestnut; lower hind neck, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, wings 
and tail slaty gray, back darker; quills and tail-feathers blackish ; 
scapulars with long pointed rufous ends; middle of breast and abdomen 
and lower tail-coverts slaty black; sides of breast rich chestnut; flanks 
ashy gray; thigh-coverts cinnamon; wing-lining mostly ferruginous. 
Length, 965; tail, 19; wing, 368; tarsus 140; bill from gape, 152.” 
(Blanford.) 
“Upper mandible dark brown, the margins dusky yellow as far back 
*See also footnote under Ixobrychus cinnamomeus, p. 179. 
