QUERQUEDULA. 195 
metallic gloss of any kind.’ (Seebohm.) Tail brown with oblique buffish 
spots or bars. Length, 533 to 597; wing, 244 to 256; middle tail-feathers, 
114 to 127; culmen, 46 to 53; tarsus, 42. 
““Young in first plumage closely resembles adult females, but young 
males may always be distinguished by having an alar speculum. 
““Males in first nuptial plumage have pale margins to the wing-coverts, 
and most of the feathers of the rump are broadly barred, instead of finely 
vermiculated, with white. 
““Adult males in molting plumage may be distinguished from adult 
females by having an alar speculum, and being richer and darker in color. 
“*Young in down have the same pale spots on the upper parts as those 
of the mallard, but the white on the throat and belly is slightly suffused 
with gray instead of buff, and in addition to the dark lines passing 
through the eye, a second dark line passes from the lores below the eye 
to the nape. (Seebohm.) 
“According to some ornithologists, HKuropean specimens differ very 
appreciably from North American in having a narrower speculum, but I 
have failed to find that there is any appreciable difference.” (Salvadori.) 
“Found in very large flocks on Manila Bay during January and Feb- 
ruary but wild and difficult to kill.” ( Worcester.) 
Genus QUERQUEDULA Oken, 1817. 
This genus is very much like Vettion but the bill is broader, and instead 
of being of the same width throughout, is wider toward the tip; the nail 
also is broader. 
162. QUERQUEDULA QUERQUEDULA (Linneus). 
ASIATIC BLUE-WINGED TEAL. 
Anas querquedula LINNa&UuS, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 126. 
Querquedula circia SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1895), 27, 293; BLan- 
FORD, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 4, 449, fig. 117 (head). 
Querquedula querquedula SHARPE, Hand-List (1899), 1, 220; OareEs, Cat. 
Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 175; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List 
(1906), 38. 
Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (McGregor). Northern Europe and northern 
Asia, wintering in northeastern Africa, Indian Peninsula, China, and Malay 
Archipelago. 
“Adult male-——Upper part of head and occiput brown-black; from 
above eyes, on each side of head, a whitish band, extending to the sides 
of occiput ; sides of head and upper part of neck chocolate-brown, streaked 
with white; chin black; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish, 
each feather edged with grayish olive; scapulars elongated and pointed, 
black, with a central stripe of white; breast with brown and_ black 
erescentic bands, producing a scaly-like appearance; lower breast white ; 
abdomen, sides, and flanks white, waved with narrow blue lines; longer 
