196 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
feathers of the flanks bounded by a subapical white band, and a bluish 
gray band at the tip; sides of a rump and under tail-coverts whitish, 
with black spots: upper wing-coverts and outer scapulars bluish gray ; 
wing-speculum on the secondaries glossy green, bounded anteriorly by a 
white band formed by the greater wing-coverts, and posteriorly by 
another white band at the tip of the secondaries; primaries and tail- 
feathers brown, the latter edged with whitish; under wing-coverts dark 
gray, the central ones, like the axillars, white. Bill black, iris hazel; 
legs, toes, and their membranes grayish brown. Length, about 406; wing, 
197; tail, 70; culmen, 41; tarsus, 30. 
“Female.—Upper parts dark brown, each feather with a pale margin; 
broad superciliary stripe whitish; a dusky band behind eyes; sides of 
head and neck whitish, streaked with black; chin and throat white; 
feathers of the lower fore neck blackish, with whitish edges; breast and 
abdomen white; sides, vent, and under tail-coverts white, with brown- 
black spots; wings grayish brown; a dull metallic green speculum, 
bounded anteriorly and posteriorly by two white bands; under wing- 
coverts brown, margined with white, the greater ones pure gray, the 
central ones, like the axillars, white. Size smaller than that of the male. 
“Young in first plumage resemble the females, but are darker and 
more suffused with rufous on the breast. 
“Adult males in molting plumage closely resemble adult females, but 
are darker in color, and may be distinguished by the brighter alar 
speculum.’ (Seebohm.) 
“Downy nestling resembles that of the mallard, but it is smaller, and 
has a broad unbroken buff streak above the eye, and a well-defined dark 
streak through the eye. (Yarrell.)” (Salvadori.) 
In immature plumage this species is likely to be confounded with 
Netion crecca and must be determined with care. The adult males of the 
two species are very different. 
Genus SPATULA Boie, 1822. 
This genus is characterized by the peculiar bill which is twice as wide 
near the tip as at the base; sides of upper mandible turned under near tip. 
163. SPATULA CLYPEATA (Linneus). 
SHOVELER. : 
Anas clypeata LINN&US, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 124. 
Spatula clypeata SALvApor!I, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1895), 27, 306; BLAN- 
FoRD, Fauna Brit. India Bds. (1898), 4, 452, fig. 118 (head) ; SHARPE, 
Hand-List (1899), 1, 221; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 177; 
McGrecor and WorcEstTER, Hand-List (1906), 38. 
Calayan (McGregor); Mindoro (McGregor); Luzon (McGregor, Worcester). 
North America, Europe, and western Asia; wintering in Africa, Arabia, Persia, 
Indian Peninsula, southern China, Hawaii, West Indies, and Central America to 
Colombia. 
