200 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
Order PELECANIFORMES. 
CORMORANTS, DARTERS, GAM@ETS, FRIGATE BIRDS, AND PELICANS. 
Bill strong, either sharply pointed or hooked at tip; nostrils wanting 
or obsolete; neck moderate to very long; all the toes united by a web; 
chin naked and forming a more or less distensible pouch. Birds of large 
size, seagoing and fish-eating. The totipalmate feet and obsolete nostrils 
are the most obvious peculiarities of this order.* Eggs bluish or white, 
with a white chalky covering. 
Families. 
a‘, Tail not forked; webs between toes entire or but slightly emarginate. 
6‘. Bill subeylindrical; gular pouch small. 
cs bill istronglys hoolked.-..2 ..3/ cesses eee. Phalacrocoracide (p. 200) 
c. Bill sharply pointed. 
ad. Neck longer than body; bill slender, culmen nearly straight. 
Anhingide (p. 202) 
d*. Neck about one-half as long as body; bill heavy; culmen decurved for 
CERN wl TOUTE ny ease ee ae em ae eee Sulide (p. 203) 
b*. Bill greatly flattened, widened near tip; gular pouch very large. 
Pelecanide (p. 208) 
a’. Tail deeply forked; webs between toes deeply incised............ Fregatide (p. 206) 
Family PHALACROCORACIDA. 
Bill long and heavy; basal portion of culmen slightly concave, tip 
strongly decurved and hooked; neck rather long; wings ample but not 
reaching beyond base of tail, the latter rather long, its feathers graduated 
and stiff; plumage largely black, at times partly white. 
Genus PHALACROCORAX Brisson, 1760. 
Characters same as those given for the Family. 
166. PHALACROCORAX CARBO (Linneus). 
COMMON CORMORANT. 
Pelecanus carbo LINN&US, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 133. 
Phalacrocoraz carbo GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1898), 26, 340, text fig. 
1; OaTEs, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 198; SHARPE, Hand-List (1899), 
1, 232; McGrecor and WorcEsTER, Hand-List (1906), 39. 
Ca-si-li, Manila, also applied to the darter. 
Calayan (McGregor) ; Luzon (McGregor) ; Ticao (McGregor). Europe, Africa, 
northern Asia, Greenland; eastern North America south to Georgia; Indian Penin- 
sula to China and Australia. ; 
Adult in breeding plumage.—Almost entirely black, with a slight oil- 
green gloss on neck and under parts; chin dirty white, this color con- 
tinued backward and upward on each side of neck to back of eye, forming 
* The Phethontide have the nostrils open and the interramal space feathered. 
No member of this family has been reported from the Philippine Islands. 
