210 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
the lesser and median coverts to the secondaries wood-brown ; the feathers 
all edged with paler; the greater_coverts darker brown, edged with hght 
brown ; the coverts to the tertiari@grayish brown, edged with pale fulvous. 
The whole of the coverts narrow and sharp-pointed; the winglet, pri- 
maries, and their coverts dark brown; the secondaries brown, tinged with 
ashy on the outer webs; the whole back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and 
flanks white; the lower plumage whitish brown, each feather being white 
with the tip brownish, the feathers close, dense, and soft. 
“In June of the third year, or when the bird is about thirty months 
old, the molt into adult breeding plumage is commenced and the change 
is entirely effected by October, except that in this first breeding season 
the wing-coverts never become entirely white as in the old birds, the 
feathers of these parts being a mixture of long sharp-pointed, white 
feathers, and comparatively blunt brown ones. Between June and Oc- 
tober the pouch, which has hitherto been spotless, becomes blotched with 
livid as in the adults, the blotches extending to the face; the legs turn 
to dark brown; the iris becomes paler brown; and the spots on the bill 
become firm and well defined. 
“Mr. E. W. Oates, having kept large numbers of P. philippensis in 
confinement, has had exceptional opportunities of studying the changes 
of plumage, and the above descriptions are the results of his observations, 
published in his Birds of British Burmah.”  (Grant.) 
“We were informed that pelicans were abundant on the Laguna de Bay 
at certain seasons, but when we were there none were to be found. A 
number of specimens are preserved in the Jesuit Museum at Manila, and 
several live birds were to be seen there on different occasions when we 
visited the Museum. Padre Sanchez kindly offered us specimens, and 
we intended to accept his offer at a later date, but unforeseen circum- 
stances prevented our doing so.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 
“Abundant about fish-breeding ponds in tide-water marshes of Bulacan 
in February, 1904. Also at Anao, Tarlac Province, in same month and 
year. Fairly common in the Candaba swamp, Luzon.” ( Worcester.) 
Order ACCIPITRIFORMES. 
EAGLES, HAWKS, AND FALCONS. 
Bill strong, upper mandible considerably longer than the lower, cul- 
men much curved, end of bill hooked and its tip perpendicular ; basal por- 
tion of bill covered by a membrane or cere, in which the nostrils are 
situated; legs large; feet very strong, claws curved and sharp; general 
plumage compact; wings long and powerful; tail nearly square, rarely 
forked or wedge-shaped. 
