CIRCUS. PAWS) 
on the throat; the lower parts generally are rufous-brown, faintly streaked 
darker. 
“For a long time it was supposed that both sexes in this bird were 
pied and similar, but the true facts were gradually traced out by Mr. 
Hume. Still one undoubted case is recorded by Mr. Cripps in which a 
female assumed the pied livery of the adult male, and other probable 
cases are indicated by the measurements of pied specimens. Length of 
male, 432; tail, 216; wing, 349; tarsus, 76; length of female, 470; tail, 
228; wing, 368; tarsus, 81; bill from gape, 30.” (Blanford.) 
The adult male of the pied marsh hawk is a very beautiful and graceful 
bird; the female and young are dull brown and unattractive. This 
species is fairly abundant in the lowlands where it frequents open country. 
175. CIRCUS AARUGINOSUS (Linneus). 
EUROPEAN MARSH HAWKE. 
Falco eruginosus LinNzuS, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), Tp ue 
Circus wruginosus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 69; Hand-List 
(1899), 1, 246; Branrorp, Fauna Brit. India Bds. (1895), 3, 387; 
Grant, Ibis (1895), 438; OaTEs, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 239; Mc- 
YREGOR and WorcEsTER, Hand-List (1906), 41. 
Cagayan Sulu (M earns) ; Luzon (Whitehead) ; Mindoro (Everett). Temperate 
Europe and Siberia; in winter to northern Africa, Indian Peninsula, and China. 
“Adult male—Head, neck, and breast buff or pale rufous, with dark 
brown shaft-stripes, broader on the breast; back and most of the wing- 
coverts dark brown; scapulars still darker, sometimes gray toward the 
base ; smallest coverts along the forearm whitish, with dark brown shafts; 
outer greater coverts, primary-coverts, and all quills except first six 
primaries dark silvery gray, remaining coverts and very often the ter- 
tiaries dark brown; first six primaries black with the basal portion white ; 
upper tail-coverts white with rufous and brown mixed in various ways ; 
tail gray above, isabelline below; abdomen and lower tail-coverts fer- 
ruginous brown, more or less striped darker. 
“Females are dark brown except the crown, nape, chin, and more or 
less of the throat, which are buff with brown stripes. There is sometimes 
a patch of buff on the breast, the wing-coverts and back have buff edges, 
and the upper tail-coverts are rufous. 
“The young of both sexes resemble the female, except that the buff on 
the head is sometimes unstreaked and more limited in extent, being 
confined in some cases to a nuchal patch or even wanting altogether. 
“ ‘Bill black; cere and base of bill greenish yellow ; iris yellow, brownish 
yellow in females and young; legs and feet rich yellow. (Hume.) 
“Length of males, 533; tail, 241; wing, 406; tarsus, 86; length of 
females, 572; tail, 248; wing, 419; tarsus, 89.” (Blanford.) 
