216 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
The measurements given by Sharpe are as follows: “Male, length, 571; 
culmen, 39; wing, 406; tail, 254; tarsus, 86. Female, length, 584; wing, 
432; tail, 279; tarsus, 96.” FF 
The young of Circus spilonotus and C. @ruginosus are similar in 
plumage and as the size is also nearly the same it is a matter of some 
difficulty to distinguish between them. Sharpe identified as C. erugi- 
nosus a young female collected in the Philippines by Cuming, but he 
finally referred it to C. spilonotus. Whitehead obtained an immature 
male in northern Luzon which according to Grant “is undoubtedly refer- 
able to the present species [@ruginosus].” Concerning the specimen from 
Calayan Sulu, collected by Mearns, Dr. Chas. W. Richmond writes that 
“it may prove to be spilonotus.” Hartert makes no comment on the 
specimen collected by Everett in Mindoro. 
Some of the numerous brown marsh hawks in the Bureau of Science 
collection may be of this species but they can not be determined at 
present. 
Genus ASTUR Lacépéde, 1799. 
Bill small and compressed, upper mandible with a deep notch or a 
strong sinuation near its tip; first primary short, third or fourth longest ; 
tarsus rather long and with transverse plates in front and behind but 
the division lines between plates very obscure. 
Species. 
aw, Larger, length more than 330 mm.; under parts white, barred with brown or 
BLES TUL OUS i 22th eee tees sae co eer toa Stee trivirgatus (p. 216) 
a. Smaller; length less than 330 mm.; under parts not barred. 
Br) Brea Str MGT, CMOS UMING 2 oc toceee neon c et raertat ces tne wee nent nen Sacettentennse soloensis (p. 217) 
62) Breasteligh ty onaiy ness s se Lees Seer tiene le xemae dee. toees oes cuculoide= (p. 218) 
176. ASTUR TRIVIRGATUS (Temminck). 
CRESTED GOSHAWK. 
Falco trivirgatus TEMMINCK, PI. Col. (1824), 1, pl. 303. 
Astur trivirgatus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 105; Hand-List 
(1899), 1, 249; OatTEs, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 243; McGrecor 
and WorcESTER, Hand-List (1906), 41. 
Balabac (Hverett) ; Leyte (Hverett) ; Mindanao (Hverett, Steere Exp., Platen, 
Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, Goodfellow); Palawan (Whitehead, Platen) ; 
Samar (Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead). Indian Peninsula, Indo-Malayan Is- 
lands, Ceylon, Formosa. 
“Adult male-—Above slaty gray, the upper tail-coverts blackish and 
tipped with white; head and neck clearer slaty gray, including a con- 
spicuous occipital crest, the sides of the neck somewhat tinged with 
rufous; quills browner than the back, primaries with rufescent shafts, 
barred above with dark brown, much plainer underneath, where the 
_ quills are white at the base of the inner web; tail ashy brown, paler at 
. tip, crossed with four bands of dark brown; throat white,with a distinct 
