ACCIPITER. 219 
Genus ACCIPITER Brisson, 1760. 
This genus is closely related to Astur but the plumage is always more 
or less mottled or barred and the middle toe is relatively longer; culmen 
from front margin of cere less than half the middle toe without claw; 
notch in upper mandible less pronounced. 
Species. 
a*, Under parts with wide dark bars, with wide shaft-stripes, or with large round 
drop-like spots; tarsus of male, 42; of female, 44. 
b'. Fourth primary considerably longer than fifth............2........ gularis (p. 219) 
6. Fourth primary but slightly longer than fifth... virgatus (p. 220) 
a. Under parts nearly uniform dull chestnut, abdomen, flanks, and thighs narrowly 
barred with white; tarsus of male, 48; of female, 54.... manillensis (p. 220) 
179. ACCIPITER GULARIS (Temminck and Schlegel). 
JAPANESE SPARROW HAWK. 
Astur (nisus) gularis TEMMINCK and SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Aves 
(1850), 5, pl. 2. 
Accipiter gularis GRANT, Ibis (1896), 104; SHARPE, Hand-List (1899), 1, 
254; McGregor and WorcESTER, Hand-List (1906), 41. 
Accipiter virgatus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 150 (part). 
Calayan (McGregor) ; Cebu (McGregor) ; Fuga (Whitehead) ; Mindanao (Koch 
& Schadenberg). Japan, northern China; in winter to Malay Peninsula and Malay 
Archipelago. 
Adult.—Above including wings, blackish slate, the bases of the feathers 
pure white with a tendency to show on the nape; ear-coverts and sides of 
neck slaty gray, the feathers edged with rufous; sides of face slate, lined 
with white; chin and throat white with blackish shaft-lines; breast and 
sides vinous-chestnut ; abdomen and under tail-coverts white; quills black- 
ish, inner webs white basally ; secondaries and inner primaries barred with 
blackish ; under wing-coverts and axillars pale ochraceous; tail ashy brown 
crossed by five bars of blackish brown, seven bars on outermost pair. 
Male, length, 273; wing, 190; tail, 124; culmen from base, 18; tarsus, 
45; middle toe with claw, 33. Female, length, 295; wing, 205; tail, 148; 
culmen from base, 18; tarsus, 42; middle toe with claw, 34. 
Immature.—Upper parts dark brown, most of the feathers edged with 
rusty or earthy brown; under parts white with wide bars of light rusty 
brown. This plumage is followed by one in which the under parts are 
white with wide shaft-streaks of blackish brown. Specimens occur with 
the fore breast streaked and the hind breast, sides, and flanks barred and 
with individual feathers both barred and streaked. The acquisition of 
adult plumage probably takes some time, two or three years. 
The preceding descriptions are taken from birds collected in Calayan 
Island and while none of them shows the complete adult plumage, one 
specimen has the breast partly chestnut indicating the adult plumage. _ 
Grant characterizes A. gularis as follows: 
“Female adult——Like A. nisus, being barred transversely up to the 
