240 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
Species, 
a. Much larger; wing more than 300 ; 
bt. Light color from breast exteille forward below ear-coverts and partly 
separating a blackish band on side of throat from black of side of head. 
peregrinus (p. 240) 
b?. Light color of breast not invading the auricular region, the entire side of 
head, sides of throat, and ear-coverts being black. 
c’. Bars on under parts black and close-set; flanks, thighs, abdomen, and under 
tail-coverts washed with smoky blue-gray........-................. ernesti (p. 242) 
c?. Less closely barred below; under parts not washed with smoky blue-gray. 
melanogenys (p. 241) 
a*. Much smaller; wing less than 250° mm........2-0.2.00-1..--2o eee severus (p. 243) 
198. FALCO PEREGRINUS Tunstall. 
PEREGRINE FALCON. 
Falco peregrinus TUNSTALL, Ornithologia Britannica (1771), 1; SHARPE, 
Hand-List (1899), 1, 273; BLANFoRD, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1895), 
3, 415; OATES, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1902), 2, 296; McGrecor and Wor- 
CESTER, Hand-List (1906), 44. 
Falco communis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 376. 
Batan (Hdmonds); Calayan (McGregor); Camiguin N. (WcGregor) ; Catan- 
duanes (Whitehead); Fuga (Whitehead); Luzon (Steere Exp., McGregor) ; 
Mindanao (Steere Exp.); Mindoro (Everett); Negros (Steere Exp.); Palawan 
(Whitehead, Platen, White). Northern America, Europe, Asia; in winter, Africa 
and Indian Peninsula. 
“Adult.—Above bluish gray, darker on the head and nape, pale on 
rump and upper tail-coverts; feathers of the head and nape, the scapulars 
and sometimes other parts of the upper plumage dark shafted, and all 
feathers except those of the head and hind neck with dark cross-bands ; 
forehead whitish ; a broad cheek-stripe from beneath eye black; primaries 
blackish, the inner webs, except near the end, closely barred with white; 
secondaries ashy gray with darker cross-bands; tail dark gray or blackish, 
with numerous ashy gray cross-bars, closer together and paler toward 
the base, extreme tip and borders near tip whitish; lower parts white 
with a rufous tinge, a few brown or black spots on lower breast and 
middle of abdomen, and narrow dark bars on flanks, lower wing-coverts, 
thighs, and under tail-coverts. 
“Young birds are very dark brown above, the feathers edged with 
rufous, the buff bases of the feathers showing about nape; tail-feathers 
with about six transversely oval rufous spots on each web, forming im- 
perfect cross-bars; primaries as in adults; cheek-stripe narrower; lower 
parts white, buff, or rufescent, spotted except on the throat, with broad 
brown elongate median stripes, becoming broad spots on the: flanks. 
“After the first molt peregrines are brownish gray above and gradually 
acquire a pure slaty-gray back. The spots and bars on the lower parts 
are much broader at first and grow smaller and narrower with age, the 
drops on the breast become narrow lines and ultimately disappear 
