HYDROCORAX. 329 
and the last named also widely margined on both webs with white; rest 
of secondaries and primaries blackish brown, with a white margin on 
the outer web, gradually increasing in width on the outer secondaries; 
under wing-coverts brownish buff; middle feathers of tail have basal two- 
thirds brown, and the rest the basal half dull chestnut; the remainder 
of the feathers white; casque rudimentary. Bill black, yellowish at the 
tip; naked skin round eye and on gular region yellow; legs gray-green 
(in skin).” (Grant.) 
“Habits like those of H. semigaleatus. Eyes yellow to brown in 
female, light bluish gray in male; legs and feet red; bill scarlet on basal 
half, rest yellowish white; bill of young birds black. A male measures 
927 in length; wing, 393; tail, 312; tarsus, 54; middle toe with claw, 
66.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 
291. HYDROCORAX SEMIGALEATUS (Tweeddale). 
INTERMEDIATE CALAO. 
Buceros semigaleatus TWEEDDALE, Proce. Zool. Soc. (1878), 279. 
Hydrocorax semigaleatus GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 17, 360; 
SHARPE, Hand-List (1900), 2, 64; McGregor and WorcrEstTEeR, Hand- 
List (1906), 55. 
Cao, Bohol. 
Bohol (McGregor); Leyte (Hverett, Steere Exp., Whitehead); Panaon (Hve- 
rett); Samar (Steere Exp., Bourns € Worcester, Whitehead). 
Adult.—Colors of plumage as in the two preceding species, colors of 
bill as in H. mindanensis, but the casque abruptly contracted in front 
and its upper outline, in front, continuous with that of the culmen. 
“Naked skin round eye darkest sepia, almost black; gular skin dark 
indian-yellow; iris light yellow (light green in living bird) ; feet coral- 
red ; nails dark brownish gray.” (Hverett.) Length of male, about 890; 
wing, 400; tail, 320; bill from nostril, 153; greatest width of casque, 
53; tarsus, 53. 
“Adult female.—Does not differ in plumage from the male. Length, 
787; wing, 350; tail, 279; tarsus, 53. 
“Young.—Similar to that of H. mindanensis, except that the outer 
tail-feathers have not the basal half chestnut, although the middle feathers 
are the same. 
“In older examples of both sexes, when the adult plumage has been 
nearly attained the bill is jet-black, the yellow tip of the young having 
disappeared, and the anterior part of the casque is distinctly raised above 
the line of the culmen.” (Grant.) 
“Extremely abundant on the hills back of Catbalogan in Samar. 
Sometimes comes down into the mangrove swamps near the town. In 
damp weather its hoarse cry can readily be heard a mile. Usually 
frequents very lofty trees, but may be readily called down by imitating its 
