392 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
Order PICITFORMES. 
Wega Cease: 
Bill strong and tapering, neither hooked nor cered; its outlines straight 
or nearly so, its tip compressed and chisel-shaped; legs rather short; 
feet and nails strong; two toes in front, two or rarely one behind, all free 
to their bases. 
Suborder PICI. 
Characters same as those given for the Order. 
Family PICIDA. 
Subfamily PICIN 2£. 
Tail-feathers twelve, more or less wedge-shaped at their tips, the shafts 
large and very stiff. 
Genera. 
GAs TNTeer toes: oes REGS Ae ES Se Shee: oe eae nnee penne Tiga (p. 398) 
a*, Four toes. 
bt. Much smaller, length less than 180 mm...............-.....-.--.- Yungipicus (p. 392) 
b*. Much larger, length more than 250 mm. 
c. Fore breast and throat marked with large, nearly round, whitish spots; 
each feather narrowly edged with blackish brown. 
3 Chrysocolaptes (p. 399) 
c. Fore breast and throat without large round white spots. 
d, Abdomen, flanks, and thighs black or slate-gray, uniform in color with 
the chest. 
et, Smaller, wing less than 180 mm.; most of the plumage black. 
Lichtensteinipicus (p. 403) 
e?. Larger, wing more than 210 mm.; most of the plumage slate-gray. 
Mulleripicus (p. 404) 
d?, Abdomen, flanks, and thighs white or whitish; chest black. 
Thriponax (p. 405) 
Genus YUNGIPICUS Bonaparte, 1854. 
Culmen nearly straight; nasal ridge weak; nostrils hidden; first pri- 
mary short and slender ; second primary nearly equal to third, fourth, and 
fifth which are subequal; upper parts black or brown, more or less barred 
with white or ocherous-white; below white or buff with blackish spots 
and stripes; wings and tail black or blackish brown, more or less barred 
with white; females with no red on the head. This genus includes the 
smallest Philippine woodpeckers; length, about 150 mm. 
