406 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
372. THRIPONAX JAVENSIS (Horsfield). 
MALAY nr WOODPECKER, 
Picus javensis HoRSFIELD, Trans. Linn. Soc. (1821), 13, pt. 1, 175. 
Thriponax javensis Hareirt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1890), 18, 498 (part) ; 
GRANT, Ibis (1894), 409; SHARPE, Hand-List (1900), 2, 231 (part) ; 
McGreeor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 66 (part) .* 
Thriponax javensis var. suluensis BLASIvS, Jour. fiir Ornith. (1890), 140. 
Tul-tu-lan, Benguet. 
Bongao (Everett); Cebu (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor) ; Luzon (Meyer, 
Everett, Heriot, Whitehead, McGregor) ; Mindanao (Koch & Schadenberg, Steere, 
Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Goodfellow); Sulu (Platen, Bourns 
¢é Worcester); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester, Everett). Malay Peninsula, 
southern Tenasserim, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Banka. 
Adult male—Nasal tufts black; forehead, ‘crown, occipital crest, and 
malar stripe bright scarlet; feathers of forehead and crown with white 
bases; feathers of crest with white bases; remainder of head, chin, throat, 
breast, and entire upper parts black; feathers of lower back with concealed 
white or gray bases; a few narrow white stripes on throat and behind 
ear-coverts ; abdomen and flanks pale yellow or buffy white; thighs black, 
some of the feathers with pale buff edges; under tail-coverts black; wings 
and tail black; three or four primaries white at base of inner web; 
secondaries with considerable white on inner webs. Length, about 435; 
wing, 210; tail, 170; culmen from base, 53; bill from nostril, 41; width 
of bill at gape, 19; tarsus, 32. 
Adult female.—Similar to the male but the forehead, crown, and malar 
region black, occipital crest alone being red. These sexual differences 
are found in all the Philippine species of the genus. Wing, 200; tail, 
160; culmen from base, 47; bill from nostril, 38; width of bill at gape, 
18; tarsus, 31. 
Here described from Luzon specimens. An adult male from Trong, 
lower Siam, differs only in having a slightly larger bill and longer wing. 
Young birds have the abdomen white, and the malar stripe entirely 
black or with a few red spots. 
“Tf the Luzon record of this species is correct, and we can see no reason 
for doubting it, the distribution of 7’. gavensis within the Philippines is 
very peculiar. Why should it disappear in Samar and Leyte, to reappear 
in Cebu and Luzon? ‘There is not the slightest doubt as to the identity 
of the Cebu birds, of which we have a fine series. 
“Three males from Sulu average, 400 in length; wing, 185; tail, 146; 
* Cf. references to Clarke under Jhriponaw hargitti. © 
