4292 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
Suborder ACROMYODI. 
Characters the same as those 2 in the key to Suborders. 
Families. 
a’. Width of gape about twice the length of bill from nostril; bill short and weak; 
secondaries about one-half as long as wing; legs and feet weak. 
Hirundinide (p. 424) 
a*. Width of gape usually much less than, or at most about equal to, bill from 
nostril; secondaries more than one-half as long as wing. 
b'. Tarsus booted, its anterior face consisting of a single plate, occasionally 
with obsolete transverse divisions; or, sometimes with one or two trans- 
verse lines near the foot. 
ce. Tarsus not longer than bill from gape, usually much less. 
@. First primary more than one-half the length of the second. 
Pycnonotide (p. 496) 
d*, First primary much less than one-half the length of the second. 
Certhiide (p. 611) 
c’. Tarsus decidedly longer than bill from gape. 
ad’, Tertials decidedly shorter than the secondaries. 
e*, Usually much larger; tail square, or nearly so; rictal bristles longer 
and more numerous; plumage of young mottled or squamate. 
Turdide (p. 541) 
e*, Usually much smaller; tail rounded, wedge-shaped, or strongly grad- 
uated; wing never over 100 mm., usually much less; plumage of 
young nearly like that of adult, but usually brighter. 
Sylviide (p. 566) 
d’. Tertials longer than the secondaries; hind claw usually longer than the 
GG TOC | cates ee eee ee ea ee ER 2 ae Motacillide (p. 664) 
b?. Tarsus distinctly scutellate, in front at least. 
ce. Posterior face of tarsus rounded and scutellate.............. Alaudide (p. 673) 
ce’. Posterior face of tarsus compressed and acute, without transverse divisions. 
d'. Cutting edges of bill minutely serrated. 
e*, Bill from nostril more than tarsus; bill slender and strongly curved. 
Nectarinide (p. 641) 
e*. Bill from nostril less than tarsus; bill stouter and but little curved. 
Diceide (p. 622) 
ad’, Cutting edges of bill not serrated. 
e’, First primary wanting; the outermost (second) primary nearly as 
long as the next (third) one. 
fi. Bill slender, curved, and acute; a circle of white feathers around 
theveye /(aisuallly,) 2 eee ere eee ee Zosteropide (p. 613) 
f?. Bill stout, conical, and relatively shorter; no circle of white feathers 
around the eye.............---.- Pe pea ae edt ae MS Fringillide (p. 676) 
e’. First primary present, sometimes very minute. 
f'. First primary slender, acute, and shorter than primary-coverts. 
g'. Powder-down patches present on the sides, thighs, and back. 
Artamide (p. 589) 
g’. Powder-down patches wanting. 
h*. Bill short and stout; tips of rectrices pointed. 
Ploceide (p. 687) 
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