IOLE. 507 
tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 23. Twelve females average, length, 
232; wing, 106; tail, 98; culmen, 27; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 
22. Iris reddish brown; legs, feet, and nails light brown to slaty brown ; 
upper mandible black, lower leaden gray.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 
481. IOLE RUFIGULARIS (Sharpe). 
RUFOUS-THROATED BULBUL. 
Hypsipetes rufigularis SHARPE, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2d. ser. Zool. (1877), 1, 
335. 
Tole rufigularis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 57, pl. 3; Hand- 
List (1901), 3, 313; McGrecor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 79. 
Basilan (Steere, Steere Hxap., Bourns & Worcester); Mindanao (Murray, 
Everett, Steere Hap.). 
Adult.—Forehead, crown, and occiput dark brown, shafts of the 
feathers blackish and their edges slate; rest of upper parts lighter brown, 
the feathers with olivaceous edges and ashy or slate-gray tips; wings dark 
brown, the outer webs of the feathers lighter and narrowly edged with 
olivaceous; tail similar; lores and sides of head dull brown; chin, throat, 
.and fore breast tawny or light tan-brown, darker on breast ; sides of breast 
washed with olive; shafts of chin-feathers black and produced beyond the 
webs; shafts of breast-feathers a trifle lighter than their webs; rest of the 
under parts white, the feathers edged with pale yellow, producing a 
streaked appearance; flanks more or less washed with brown; axillars 
and under wing-coverts white, washed with pale yellow. The sexes are 
similar in colors. A male from Basilan measures: Length, 255; wing, 
123; tail, 105; culmen from base, 29; bill from nostril, 17; tarsus, 21. 
A female from Basilan, wing, 117; tail, 114; culmen from base, 25; 
bill from nostril, 16; tarsus, 21. 
“The rufous-throated bulbul is common in Mindanao and Basilan; 
it is found along edges of forest, in second growth, and in guava bushes. 
Two males average: Length, 238; wing, 111; tail, 98; culmen, 26; 
tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 23. A female, length, 241; wing, 106; 
tail, 95; tarsus, 20; middle toe with claw, 22. Iris dark brown; legs 
and feet brown to nearly black; bill black.” (Bourns and Worcester 
MS.) 
482. |OLE GULARIS (Pucheran). 
PHILIPPINE BULBUL. 
Turdus philippensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, 814 (not of Miiller, 1776, 
nor of Boddaert, 1783). 
Philedon gularis “Cuvier,” PucuErRAN, Arch. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat. [Paris] 
(1855), 7, 344, pl. 18. 
Tole philippensis SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit Mus. (1881), 6, 58; Hand-List 
(1901), 3, 313 (part); Grant and Wuireneap, Ibis (1898), 238 
(eggs) ; WHITEHEAD, Ibis (1899), 215; OATES and Rep, Cat. Birds’ 
Eggs (1903), 3, 307; McGrecor and WoRCESTER, Hand-List (1906), 79. 
Tug-bi-d, Bohol; pa-nu-cd, Lubang; tam-si, Manila. 
