PYCNONOTUS. ‘ay 
Two eggs were collected by Whitehead near Paranas, Samar, on June 
24, 1896. Steere took three eggs at Dumaguete, Negros, February 11, 
1888, and four eggs in Marinduque, May 12, 1888. The two eggs from 
Samar are thus described: “Shape ovate. Ground-color pale pinkish 
white, very thickly mottled all over with light red and underlying grayish 
lavender blotches. Measurements 21 mm. by 15 mm. 
“Nest cup-shaped, built of fine roots, and placed in a low tree about 
five feet [1.5 meters] from the ground in an open situation.” (Grant 
and Whitehead.) 
493. PYCNONOTUS CINEREIFRONS (Tweeddale). 
ASHY-FRONTED BULBUL, 
Brachypus cineretfrons TWEEDDALE, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1878), 617. 
Pycnonotus cineretfrons SWARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 153; 
Hand-List (1901), 3, 332; McGrecor and Worcester, Hand-List 
(1906). 80. 
Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Everett, Whitehead, Platen, 
Steere Exp., Bowrns & Worcester, McGregor, Celestino, White). 
Adult (sexes alike).—Above dull olive-green ; feathers on top of head 
with dark centers and gray edges ; ear-coverts brown with distinct whitish 
shaft-lines ; cheeks brown, streaked with gray; chin and throat whitish ; 
breast and sides ashy brown, slightly washed with olivaceous; abdomen 
buffy white; flanks brown; thighs and crissum buff; wings and tail brown, 
most of the feathers edged with dull olive-green; wing-coverts entirely 
olive-green; axillars and wing-lining light yellow. Length, about 190. 
A male measures: Wing, 84; tail, 76; culmen from base, 16; bill from 
nostril, 11; tarsus, 19. A female, wing, 80; tail, 73; culmen from base, 
18; bill from nostril, 11; tarsus, 20. 
“Four males from Calamianes average: Length, 190; wing, 86; tail, 
78; culmen, 22; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 20. Three females, 
length, 189; wing, 83; tail, 79; culmen, 20; tarsus, 19; middle toe with 
claw, 20. Both males and females from Palawan average sligthly less 
in length; other measurements are about the same. Bill nearly black; 
iris, legs, feet, and nails brown.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 
Family TIMELIIDZ. 
_ Bill slender, rarely decidedly strong, never broad; culmen more or less 
ridged, curved at tip; a slight notch near tip of upper mandible; gonys 
slightly to somewhat strongly curved ; culmen from base less than tarsus; 
nostril opening covered by a flat scale or partly closed by a membrane; 
rictal bristles evident, but seldom greatly developed ; wings short, rounded, 
and curved to the body; first, second, and third primaries very unequal 
and much shorter than longest quill; tarsus and toes long; tarsus booted 
or with obsolete divisions. 
