BRACHYPTERYX. 541 
mindanensis; coloration very dark; russet of front of head intensified to 
almost a burnt umber, and not extending backward beyond the eyes; 
edge and lining of wings, slate-color, instead of rusty. 
“Adult male * * *—_Uniformly slate-black, becoming practically 
black on the whole head, except » minute and wholly concealed supra- 
orbital white spot. Iris dark reddish brown; bill all jet-black; feet and 
claws plumbeous-black (from fresh specimen). 
“Adult female (type) —Front of the head back to the eyes rusty 
burnt umber, with eye-ring of same color; hind half of head, neck all 
round, and all of body except abdomen, blackish slate; abdomen washed 
with brownish gray; wings and tail brownish black, washed with slate- 
color; edge and lining of wings slate-color, not russet. The colors of 
the iris, bill, and feet were noted as exactly like those of the male topo- 
type. 
“Measurements—Adult male * * *: Total length, 160; alar 
expanse, 222; wing, 70; tail, 60; culmen (chord), 14.5; bill from nostril, 
9; tarsus, 32; middle toe with claw, 24. Adult female (type): Total 
length, 148; alar expanse, 213; wing, 66; tail, 53; culmen (chord), 13; 
bill from nostril, 8.5 ; tarsus, 34; middle toe with claw, 24.5.” (Mearns.) 
Family TURDIDZ. 
Bill slender ; moderate to small in size; culmen curved near the tip; a 
slight notch in the cutting edge of bill; bristles about the bill usually 
reduced; wing flat and pointed; first primary not more than one-half 
of second, and often much less; tarsi and feet moderate to large, the 
former entire in front except for the lower part; young in first plumage 
spotted.* 
Subfamilies. 
a’. Much larger; wing, 100 mm. or more; tail square or slightly rounded. 
Turdine (p. 541) 
a’, Much smaller; wing, 95 mm. or less, usually much less; tail rounded, or 
rectrices slightly graduated. 
b. Upper tail-coverts black, brown, or gray.............----.-.----+ Ruticilline (p. 556) 
i, Up pen taileeowerts: white. 2 cee at kc ee deanna Saxicoline (p. 564) 
Subfamily TURDIN 4. 
Birds of this subfamily are nearly all much larger than any of the 
Rutictlline or Saxicoline. The wing is long, pointed, and flat, the first 
primary very short; tail nearly square; plumage uniform, spotted, or 
bicolored ; habits either arboreal or terrestrial. 
* For detailed characters of the 7urdide the reader is referred to Seebohm, 
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 5, 2; and to Birds of North and Middle America, 
Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus. Washington (1907), 50, pt. 4, 1 to 4. 
83286——_9 
