TURDUS. 547 
Genus TURDUS Linnezus, 1758. 
Rictal bristles weak, less than bill from nostril; wing strong, flat, and 
pointed; third, fourth, and fifth primaries emarginate on outer webs; 
first primary very short, less than primary-coverts; tail nearly square; 
tarsus slightly less than one-third of tail and about equal to middle toe 
with claw. Upper parts olive-brown, russet-brown, or gray; chin and 
throat light with dusky streaks; chest, sides, and flanks dull chestnut or 
gray; crissum and middle of breast and abdomen white. This color 
pattern is characteristic of the three migratory species which have been 
found in the Philippine Islands. 
Species. 
a*, Without a white superciliary stripe. 
b*. Chest, sides, and flanks gray or drab-gray...............-.-.2-.0----+-- pallidus (p. 547) 
be Chest. sides, and flanks chestnuvt..:2)2200) 0.2 2 ee chrysolaus (p. 548) 
a’, With a well-marked, white, superciliary stripe extending from above lores to 
OUT SEE GEC 01 oh Ucn Reta) A Sele ono SO. Se A a ee eee ee obscurus (p. 549) 
530. TURDUS PALLIDUS Gmelin. 
PALE THRUSH. 
Turdus pallidus GMELIN, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, 815; SHARPE, Hand-List 
(1903), 4, 128; Oates and REID, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1905), 4, 118, pl. 
6, fig. 11; McGrecor and WorcestTER, Hand-List (1906), 84. 
Merula pallida SreBouM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 5, 273. 
Calayan (McGregor). Japan and eastern Siberia; Formosa and Southern 
China in winter. 
“Tn the adult male the general color of the upper parts is rich russet- 
brown, tinged with gray on the head; lores very dark brown; ear-coverts- 
brown ; no trace of eye-stripe ; wings brown, the primaries, primary-coverts, 
and alula wing-feathers with the outer webs slate-gray, the secondaries, 
greater, median, and lesser wing-coverts with the outer webs russet- 
brown; tail dark brown, the outer webs of each feather margined with 
olive-brown; inner web of outside tail-feathers white for half an inch 
[13 mm.] at the tip; inner web of second outside tail-feather on each 
side with rather less white at the tip; more or less white at the tip 
of the third outside tail-feather on each side; throat and cheeks, breast 
and flanks slate-gray, shading into white on the belly and the center 
of the breast, and more or less irregularly shaded with brown on the 
lower throat, sides of breast, and flanks; under tail-coverts white, with 
the basal half edged with brown; axillars and under wing-coverts pale 
slate-gray obscurely tipped with white; inner margin of quills pale 
slaty brown. Bill dark brown, yellow at the base of the under mandible. 
Wings with the third, fourth, and fifth primaries nearly equal and longest, 
second primary intermediate in length between the fifth and sixth, bastard 
