548 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
primary 19 to 12.7 mm. Legs, feet, and claws pale brown. Wing, 129.5 
to 119; tail, 99 to 84; culmen, 29 to 23; tarsus, 30 to 29. 
“The female differs from t ale in having the parts which are 
slate-gray replaced by russet-brown, and in having the center of the 
throat grayish white, and the cheeks and sides of the throat with brown 
fan-shaped terminal spots. Males of the year have the plumage of the 
female, and the greater wing-coverts with more or less conspicuous pale 
tips. Young in first plumage are unknown.” (Seebohm.) 
A female from Calayan measures: Wing, 122; tail, 87; culmen from 
base, 23; bill from nostril, 14; tarsus, 30. 
531. TURDUS CHRYSOLAUS Temminck. 
JAPANESE BROWN THRUSH. 
Turdus chrysolaus TEMMINCK, Pl. Col. (1831), 2, 537; WHITEHEAD, Ibis 
(1899), 213; SuHarpe, Hand-List (1903), 4, 1389; OarEs and RED, Cat. 
Birds’ Eggs (1905), 4, 119, pl. 6, figs. 15 and 18; McGrrecor and Wor- 
CESTER, Hand-List (1906), 84. 
Merula chrysolaus SEEBouM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1891), 5, 275. 
Pir-pi-ri-ca, Calayan. 
Calayan (McGregor) ; Luzon (Whitehead). Japan, Hainan, and Eastern Sibe- 
ria; in winter to Formosa and China. 
“In the adult male the general color of the upper parts is russet- 
brown, tinged with gray on the head; lores very dark brown; ear-coverts 
brown; scarcely a trace of eye-stripe; wings brown, the primaries, pri- 
mary-coverts, and alula feathers with the outer webs slaty brown; the 
secondaries, greater, median, and lesser wing-coverts with outer webs 
russet-brown; tail brown, the outer web of each feather margined with 
olive-brown; inner web of the outside tail-feathers narrowly margined 
with white; throat and cheeks sooty brown, shading into chestnut-brown 
on the breast, and into deep rich chestnut on the flanks, leaving the belly 
white; under tail-coverts white, with the basal half edged with brown; 
axillars and under wing-coverts edged with pale slate-gray, obscurely 
tipped with white; inner margin of quills pale slaty brown. Bill dark 
brown, yellow at the base of the under mandible. Wings with the third 
and fourth primaries nearly equal and longest, second primary between 
the fourth and fifth, or fifth and sixth, bastard primary 18 to 16.5 mm. 
Legs, feet, and claws pale brown. Wing, 127 to 117; tail, 91 to 79; 
culmen, 22.6 to 19; tarsus, 33 to 29. 
“The female has no gray on the head or wings, the upper throat is 
nearly white, and the feathers of the cheeks and the center of the 
throat are white, with dark brown, fan-shaped terminal spots. Males of 
the year resemble females. Young in first plumage are unknown.” 
(Seebohm.) 
