el" Aa 
SAXICOLA. 565 
upper parts, except uropygium, become seal-brown ; wing-feathers similar 
from the wearing away of the light margins; under parts darker than 
in the fresh plumage. A female measures: Wing, 64; tail, 50; culmen 
from base, 13; bill from nostril, 7.5; tarsus, 20. 
Young.—A young male (May) resembles the female in worn plumage, 
but the under parts*are richer and more mottled; chin and throat buff 
with blackish edges to feathers; breast and abdomen rusty ocherous, the 
feathers of breast fringed with dull black; head, neck, and back smoky 
black, most of the feathers marked with small buff spots; secondaries, 
alula, and secondary-coverts broadly edged with rusty ocherous; edging 
of alula-feathers lighter; bases of inner greater coverts pure white. 
Genus SAXICOLA Bechstein, 1802. 
Bill slender; rictal bristles weak, the longest less than bill from 
nostril; wing long, flat, and pointed; first primary short and slender, 
less than one-third of second; tail rounded, extending very little beyond 
the folded wings. 
547. SAXICOLA CENANTHE (Linneeus). 
WHEATEAR, 
Motacilla cnanthe LINN@US, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 186. 
Sazxicola cnanthe Srrsoum, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 5, 391; SHARPE, 
Hand-List (1903), 4, 175; Oares and Rem, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1905), 
4, 165; McGrecor, Bull. Philippine Mus. (1904), 4, 27; McGrecor and 
Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 86. 
Calayan (McGregor). Europe and northern Asia to Alaska; in winter to the 
Indian Peninsula and eastern Africa. 
“Adult male. in breeding plumage.—General color of the upper parts 
pale slate-gray ; forehead and eye-stripe, which extends to the nape, white ; 
lores and upper part of the ear-coverts black; wings and wing-coverts 
nearly black, a few traces of the autumnal buff margins to the feathers 
generally left; rump and upper tail-coverts white; tail white except the 
terminal three-fifths of the two center feathers, and the terminal fourths 
of the others, which are nearly black; under parts very pale buff, slightly 
darker on the throat and breast; axillars and under wing-coverts white 
with dark centers; inner margin of quills brown. Bill, legs, feet, and 
claws black. Wing with the third and fourth primaries nearly equal and 
longest ; second primary sometimes as long as the fourth; bastard primary, 
19 to 14mm. Wing, 106.6 to 89; (females, 94 to 87.6) ; tail 62 to 51; 
culmen, 18 to 16; tarsus, 30 to 27. 
“Adult female in breeding plumage—General color of the upper parts 
dull brown; forehead and eye-stripe buffish white, much narrower than 
in the male; lores and upper part of the ear-coverts brown; wings and 
wing-coverts not so dark as in the male; rump and upper tail-coverts 
