OE OT Oe 
CEPHALOPHONEUS. 593 
but generally with ‘a large creamy patch on the lores, and a white half- 
eyebrow in rear of the eye-line’ (Swinhoe); bill bluish black. The 
measurements are the same as in the male. 
“Observation.—Consul Swinhoe observes ‘that the sexes are alike, the 
males being more richly colored.’ This, however, holds good only with 
old females in breeding plumage, since in winter (as proved by all the 
specimens from Malacca and Borneo) the female closely resembles the 
young and immature birds, the black frontal band and the gray of the 
head and neck being replaced by the reddish brown black-barred coloration 
of the back, while the region above the ear-coverts and above the eye is 
creamy instead of reddish brown. 
“Immature bird.—General color of the whole upper surface of the 
body reddish brown, which color is more fulvous and grayish on the 
head and neck, passing into chestnut-brown on the rump and upper tail- 
coverts; each feather has several very distinct black or dark-brown cross- 
bars, and is mottled with small creamy or almost white spots; again, the 
shafts of the feathers being white, the upper parts of the body, especially 
the mantle and neck, exhibit a rather densely spotted aspect, thus 
differing from the adult female in summer plumage; no frontal band; 
the forehead, the region round the eye, and ear-coverts whitish mottled 
with brownish; throat, middle of abdomen, under tail- and under wing- 
coverts uniform cream-color; all the rest of the under parts and sides of 
the neck densely marked with blackish brown vermiculations. Bill pale 
horny brown; feet more bluish.” (Gadow.) 
“The tiger shrike is included in this list solely on the authority of 
Blasius. As it occurs in Borneo its presence in the Sulu group would 
not be suprising, but we failed to find it.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 
Genus CEPHALOPHONEUS Fitzinger, 1863. 
Forehead black ; crown either black or dark slate-gray ; without a white 
eyebrow.* 
Species. 
a‘. Tail much shorter, less than 100 mm.; crown, neck, and back nearly uniform 
RENESAS oe AMS Sen Bane ee acces fon pM S Nee validirostris (p. 594) 
a’, Tail much longer, more than 120 mm.; crown and neck black, back light gray. 
b*. Scapulars, back, and rump darker; abdomen white............ nasutus (p. 594) 
b*. Scapulars, back, and rump lighter; abdomen pinkish vinaceous. 
suluensis (p. 595) 
*I follow Sharpe in alloting Lanius validirostris and L. nasutus to Cepha- 
lophoneus. The type of this genus is said to be Lanius bucephalus, a species 
resembling Lanius validirostris in length of tail and turgidity of bill. These two 
species appear to be congeneric. In L. nasutus, however, the tail is much longer; 
the rectrices are more strongly graduated and relatively narrower. Possibly 
another genus should be recognized for nasutus and suluensis. 
