594 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
578. CEPHALOPHONEUS VALIDIROSTRIS (Grant). 
STRONG-B ED SHRIKE, 
Lanius validirostris GRANT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club (1894), 3, 49; Ibis (1894), 
512; WHITEHEAD, Ibis (1899), 226 (habits). 
Cephalophoneus validirostris SHARPE, Hand-List (1903), 4, 286; McGrrcor 
and WorcEsTER, Hand-List (1906), 92. 
Luzon (Whitehead, Worcester, McGregor) ; Mindoro (Whitehead). 
Adult male.—Upper parts slate-gray, pale gray on forehead and over 
eye; frontal band, lores, ear-coverts, and line above and below eye black, 
forming a broad band to side of neck ; under parts white; flanks cinnamon- 
buff, crissum faintly washed with buff; thighs black; wings blackish ; 
inner secondaries margined with white on outer webs; rectrices blackish, 
the two or three outer pairs narrowly tipped with white. Bill and nails 
black; legs blackish brown; iris dark brown. Length, about 210; wing, 
87; tail, 97; culmen from base, 17; bill from nostril, 12; tarsus, 24. 
“Adult female.—Differs slightly in having the black on the sides of 
the face paler and absent on the forehead, which is whitish gray; the 
whitish gray margins to the superciliaries are more marked; the margins 
to the secondaries are rufous-buff, and the thighs are gray. Length, 
200; wing, 86; tail, 89; tarsus, 25; culmen, 23.” (Grant.) 
Young.—Young birds, in first plumage, have the upper part smoky 
gray; frontal band, lores, and band through eye black; chin, throat, and 
middle of abdomen white; thighs black; remainder of under parts tawny- 
buff; breast and malar region speckled with smoky brown, but no bars on 
the under parts; wings and tail blackish brown; greater secondary- 
coverts, inner secondaries and nearly all the remiges edged with tawny- 
buff. 
The strong-billed shrike is fairly abundant in Benguet Province, Luzon. 
579. CEPHALOPHONEUS NASUTUS (Scopoli). 
LARGE-NOSED SHRIKE. 
Lanius nasutus Scopott, Del Flor. et Faun. Insubr. (1786), 2, 85; OATEs, 
Bds. Brit. Burmah (1883), 1, 248; WHITEHEAD, Ibis (1899), 226 
(habits). 
Lanius cephalomelas Gapow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1883), 8, 269. 
Cephalophoneus nasutus SHARPE, Hand-List (1903), 4, 287; OatTEs and 
Rep, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1905), 4, 289; McGrecor and WoRkCESTER 
Hand-List (1906), 92. 
J'a-rat San Diego, Manila. 
Bohol (Steere Exp., McGregor) ; Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor) ; 
Cebu (Meyer, Everett, Bourns & Worcester, Mc(regor) ; Guimaras (Steere Exp.) ; 
Leyte (Hverett); Luzon (Everett, Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor, 
Bartsch) ; Masbate (Bourns & Worcester) ; Mindanao (Everett, Koch & Schaden- 
berg, Bourns € Worcester); Mindoro (Everett); Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & 
Worcester, Keay); Panay (Sannerat, Steere Exp., Bourns é Worcester) ; Samar 
(Bourns & Worcester) ; Siquijor (Steere Exp., Bourns € Worcester, Celestino). 
Northern Borneo. 
