598 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
wing pale creamy white; all the rest of the under parts more strongly 
washed with creamy or even with rufous, and marked with numerous 
dark brown cross-vermiculations ; 4 brown, lighter at base.” (Gadow.) 
“One of the commonest of Philippine birds. Doubtless occurs on every 
island of the group. Found in open fields, where it perches on stones, 
weeds, bushes, etc. It is a very noisy, quarrelsome bird, and a vicious 
fighter when snared or wounded. Five males average: Length, 186; 
wing, 85; tail, 84; culmen, 20; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 22. 
Five females, length, 188; wing, 86; tail, 82.5; culmen, 20; tarsus, 23; 
middle toe with claw, 21.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 
582. OTOMELA CRISTATA (Linnezus). 
BROWN SHRIKE, 
Lanius cristatus LINN&US, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 93; Gapow, Cat. 
Birds Brit. Mus. (1883), 8, 271; Dressrer, Man. Paleartic Bds. (1902), 
1, 240. 
Otomela cristata SHARPE, Hand-List (1903), 4, 288; Oates and Rem, Cat. 
Birds’ Eggs (1905), 4, 290; McGrecor and Worcester, Hand-List 
(1906), 92. 
Asia, from the Yenesei to Kamchatka and Dauria, and from Yarkand to the 
east coast of China; wintering in India, Ceylon, the Andamans, Burma, the Malay 
Peninsula, and as far south as Java. (Dresser.) Borneo and Philippine Islands 
in winter. (Sharpe.) 
“Male adult (Dauria).—Upper parts reddish brown, more rufous on 
the crown; wings dark brown margined with rufous, the lesser wing- 
coverts like the back; no white alar speculum; tail reddish brown, paler 
at the tip; lores and a patch passing through the eye and extending over 
the ear-coverts black; forehead, supercilium, cheeks, chin, and throat 
white; rest of the under parts rufous-buff. Bill pale plumbeous, the 
upper mandible from the nostril, and the tip of the lower mandible dark 
horn; legs bluish brown; iris dark brown; eyelids plumbeous. Culmen, 
17.7; wing, 89; tail, 91; tarsus, 25.4. ; 
“The female has the supercilium creamy white, the under parts 
isabelline, the flanks rufous-buff, these and the breast faintly vermicu- 
lated, and the young have the upper parts distinctly barred and the 
under parts vermiculated with dark brown.” (Dresser.) 
583. OTOMELA SUPERCILIOSA (Latham). 
WHITE-FRONTED SHRIKE, 
Lanius superciliosus LATHAM, Ind. Ornith. (1801), suppl. 20, No. 4; Gapow, 
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1883), 8, 273; Dresser, Man. Palearctic Bds. 
(1902), 1, 241. 
Otomela superciliosa SHARPE, Hand-List (1903), 4, 288; OATES and REM, 
Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1905), 4, 290; McGrecor and WorcEsTER, Hand-List 
(1906), 93. 
The Island of Sagahalien, Askold and Japan; wintering in the Malay Peninsula, 
Philippines, and Java. (Dresser.) 
