672 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
“Enormously .abundant in the open fields; it is resident throughout 
the year and breeds. Four males average: Length, 167; wing, 80; tail, 
65; culmen, 18; tarsus, 28; middle toe with claw, 23. Iris dark brown; 
legs and feet dirty yellow, nails"darker; upper mandible dark brown to 
black, under mandible light brown.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 
687. ANTHUS GUSTAVI Swinhoe. 
PETCHORA PIPIT. 
Anthus gustavi SwWINHOE, Proc. Zool. Soe. (1863), 90; SHARPE, Cat. Birds 
Brit. Mus. (1885), 10, 613; WuirEeHEaAD, Ibis (1899), 237; McoGrecor 
and WorcESTER, Hand-List (1906), 102. 
Basilan (Steere, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Bohol (Me- 
Gregor) ; Cagayancillo (McGregor); Calayan (McGregor); Cebu (McGregor) ; 
Guimaras (Steere Hap.); Leyte (Steere Exp.); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon 
(Othberg, Heriot, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor) ; Maestre de Campo (McGregor 
¢& Worcester); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Mindanao (Goodfellow, Celes- 
tino) ; Mindoro (McGregor) ; Negros (Whitehead) ; Palawan (Whitehead, Platen, 
Bourns & Worcester); Polillo (McGregor); Romblon (Bourns & Worcester) ; 
Sibuyan (Bourns € Worcester); Siquijor (Celestino) ; Sulu (Bourns € Worces- 
ter); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester). Siberia, Kamtchatka, Commander 
Islands, Celebes; in winter to Borneo and the Molueca Islands; China during 
migration. 
Adult.—Top of head, neck, and back tawny buff, each feather with a 
wide mesial streak of blackish brown; on each side of mantle a series of 
feathers each having either the inner or outer web buffy white, forming 
on each side a conspicuous, but not well-defined, whitish stripe; rump and 
tail-coverts darker than back, near raw-umber, with narrower blackish 
shaft-streaks ; supercilium light buff, but not forming a well-defined line; 
ear-coverts tawny ; malar stripe buff, bounded below by a narrow blackish 
line; under parts white with a wash of buff across the chest and with 
bold blackish streaks on breast, sides, and flanks; wing-feathers blackish 
brown, edged with dark buff; median and greater coverts tipped with 
white, forming two wing-bars; rectrices blackish brown, the two outer 
pairs with considerable white on the inner webs. A male from Calayan 
Island measures: Wing, 85; tail, 56; culmen from base, 16; tarsus, 22; 
hind toe with claw, 20. A female from northern Mindanao, wing, 80; 
tail, 56; culmen from base, 15; tarsus, 22; hind toe with claw, 20. 
Young birds differ from the adults in having the chin and throat 
spotted with blackish brown. 
The diagnostic characters of Anthus gustavi are the heavy streaks on 
breast and sides, and the whitish streaks on the sides of the back. 
The Petchora pipit is usually found skulking on the ground in forest ; 
it is never seen in flocks. 
