ANTHUS. 673 
688. ANTHUS CERVINUS (Pallas). 
RED-THROATED PIPIT, 
Motacilla cervina PaLuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. (1811), 1, 511. 
Anthus cervinus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1885), 10, 585; WurireE- 
HEAD, Ibis (1899), 238 (habits); McGrecor and WorcrEstTER, Hand- 
List (1906), 102. 
Calayan (McGregor) ; Luzon (Whitehead) ; Mindanao (Steere Hap.) ; Palawan 
(Everett, Celestino). Alaska, Kurile Islands, Asia, Europe, England; in winter 
to China and Indo-Burmese countries, Persia and northwestern India, Formosa, 
Hainan, and northern Africa, accidental in Lower California. 
Adult.—Above sandy gray, somewhat similar to A. gustavi, but lighter 
and grayer without the whitish streaks on the sides of the back; head 
streaked with dark brown; feathers of back and rump with broad mesial 
streaks of blackish brown; long and broad superciliary stripe, lores, ear- 
coverts, suborbital region, chin, throat, and chest vinaceous-cinnamon or 
vinaceous-buff ; remainder of under parts light buff; sides, flanks, and, in 
many specimens, the breast, streaked with blackish brown; wings and 
tail dark brown, most of the feathers with white or sandy buff edges; 
greater and median coverts with whitish tips forming two bars; two outer 
pairs of rectrices with wide white tips. 
A male from Calayan Island measures: Length, 145; wing, 85; tail, 
61; culmen from base, 14; tarsus, 22; hind toe with claw, 20. A female 
from the same locality, wing, 79; tail, 56; culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 
21; hind toe with claw, 20. 
Immature birds have less vinaceous color about the head and more 
black stripes on the chest; still younger birds have lores, supercilium, 
malar region, chin, and throat buff with no trace of vinaceous, and the 
sides of throat are thickly spotted with blackish brown. This last 
plumage resembles some plumages of A. gustavi, but the latter species 
seems always to have a larger bill and distinct white or pale buff lines on 
the sides of the back. 
The red-throated pipit in adult summer plumage is a very handsome 
species. It is found in the Philippine Islands in winter only and then 
but rarely. 
Family ALAUDIDZ. 
Bill stout, first primary very short; tertials shorter, or but little longer, 
than secondaries ; tail moderate in length ; two outer rectrices partly white 
as in Anthus ; tarsus scutellate both in front and behind; claw of hind toe 
longer than the toe itself; upper plumage brown and the breast streaked. 
Genera. 
a. Bill more slender; first primary minute, shorter than primary-coverts; claw 
of hind toe more than one-half the length of tarsus............ Alauda (p. 674) 
a’. Bill much stouter; first primary longer than the primary-coverts; claw of 
hind toe not more than one-half the length of tarsus............ Mirafra (p. 675) 
