680 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
white; axillars canary-yellow; wing-lining and edges of the inner webs 
of quills white. Iris brown; bill yellow; its tip dusky; legs light brown, 
soles pale yellow; nails dusky. male from Calayan Island measures: 
Length, 165; wing, 94; tail, 65; culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 20. 
Female in winter.—Not greatly different from the male. A female 
from Japan measures: Wing, 85; tail, 58; culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 
19. 
Male in summer.—‘The summer plumage of the male is gradually 
assumed by the shedding of the sandy-colored edges, and the bluish ashy 
of the hind neck and mantle remains as a spot behind the head, the 
feathers of these parts generally showing ashy gray bases throughout the 
summer plumage. 
“Nestling.—Recalls the plumage of the adult female, but more tinged 
with olive, the nape-patch well developed, and the rump-patch tinged 
with sulphur-yellow; under surface of body washed with pale sulphur- 
yellow, tinged with orange on fore neck, chest, and sides of body.” 
(Sharpe. ) 
The brambling as a Philippine species is known only from three 
winter specimens collected in Calayan Island. 
Genus PASSER Brisson, 1760. 
Bill moderately stout, not greatly compressed; culmen straight and 
with a decided ridge for its basal half; rounded and gently curved for 
its distal half; wing moderate in length, covering less than half the tail, 
and its tip not reaching the base of toes. Colors black, dingy white, rusty 
brown, and liver-brown. 
695. PASSER MONTANUS (Linnezus). 
MOUNTAIN SPARROW,* 
Fringilla montana LINN&Uws, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 183. 
Passer montanus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1888), 12, 178; Wurre- 
HEAD, Ibis (1899), 238 (habits); Hume, Oates ed. Nests & Eggs Ind. 
Bds. (1890), .2, 162; McGrecor and WorcrEsTER, Hand-List (1906), 
104. - 
Gor-re-6n, Manila. 
Cebu (Bouwrns & Worcester, McGregor); Luzon (Steere Exp., Bourns & Wor- 
cester, McGregor). Northern Africa and nearly the whole of Europe and Asia. 
Adult (sexes similar).—Forehead, crown, and hind neck liver-brown or 
vinous-chestnut ; back, rump, and tail-coverts dull cinnamon-rufous ; back 
with wide black stripes confined to the inner web of each feather; lores, a 
line under eye, a large patch on ear-coverts, chin, and middle of throat 
black; remainder of sides of head and sides of throat grayish white; 
* This species is called “tree sparrow” by some authors. 
