686 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
sulphur-yellow, brightest on chin, dusky across throat which is washed 
with buff, sides of breast washed with olive; abdomen and crissum pale 
canary-yellow; sides of body flanks streaked with blackish brown; 
wing-feathers dark brown; leSser coverts olive; median and greater 
coverts, tertials, and some of the inner secondaries broadly edged and 
tipped with cinnamon-rufous or dull chestnut; remaining quills more 
narrowly edged with lighter cinnamon, inner webs of quills edged with 
drab-gray ; rectrices blackish, the middle pair at least edged with olive- 
brown; outermost pair nearly all white, but with an oblique blackish 
mark near base of inner web and a small dusky mark near tip; next 
pair black with a long white mark near shaft. Upper mandible dusky; 
lower mandible bluish; legs and nails flesh-color. Length, 152; wing, 
71; tail, 60; culmen from base, 10; tarsus, 19. 
Female.—The winter plumage of the female is very similar to that 
of the male. A female from Calayan measures, wing, 65; tail, 54; 
culmen from base, 9.5; tarsus, 19. 
“Adult male in breeding plumage.—General color greenish gray, 
washed with pale yellow; the head and mantle paler and more sulphur- 
yellow, the latter with broad mesial streaks of black; the scapulars like 
the mantle; the rump and lower back uniform and more distinctly ashy 
gray; upper tail-coverts ashy with yellowish edges; lesser wing-coverts 
ashy with a yellowish tinge; median and greater series blackish, edged 
with ashy and tipped with yellowish white, the greater coverts slightly 
rufescent on the outer margins; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and 
quills blackish, edged with ashy olive, the secondaries externally rufes- 
cent, the innermost with whitish margins, so as to resemble the inner 
greater coverts; center tail-feathers light brown, the others blackish, the 
outer one for the most part white, excepting a longitudinal mark along 
the end of the outer web and an oblique basal mark on the inner web; 
penultimate feather with the white much reduced and forming a large 
wedge-shaped mark on the inner web; the third feather with only a 
small white mark near the end of the inner web; ear-coverts greenish 
gray like the hind-neck; lores, feathers in front of the eye, and a spot 
at base of chin dusky blackish; feathers below the eye, cheeks, and under 
surface of body sulphur-yellow, paler on the lower breast and abdomen, 
and still lighter on the under tail-coverts, which are whitish tinged with 
yellow; sides of breast and flanks ashy olive, the latter streaked with 
black; axillars and under wing-coverts white, washed with pale yellow; 
quills ashy below, whitish along the edge of the inner web. Length, 
133; culmen, 10; wing, 72; tail, 57; tarsus, 18. 
“Considerable difference exists in the full-plumaged males with regard 
to the amount and intensity of the black stripes on the back. In winter 
the adult male appears to be always more broadly streaked with black 
on the back, the black centers becoming attenuated during the breeding 
