ORIOLUS. 701 
white heavily streaked with black; feathers of crissum dark olive-green, 
edged with olive-yellow ; rectrices black slightly washed with olive basally, 
narrowly tipped with dark gray on both webs and with hght yellow on 
inner webs; inner webs of wing-quills edged with pale gray; axillars 
and wing-lining cinereous; bend of wing gray, washed with yellow. 
Tris bright red; bill dull red-brown; feet lead-blue; nails black. In the 
immature bird the iris is white and the bill dull brown. An adult male 
measures: Length, 234; wing, 122; tail, 94; culmen from base, 24; bill 
from nostril, 16.5; tarsus, 22. Adult female, wing, 116; tail, 86; culmen 
from base, 24; bill from nostril, 16.5; tarsus, 22. 
While this species is plainly of the Oriolus steeri type it differs in 
being larger, in the much darker and greener upper parts and under 
tail-coverts, in the darker throat and breast, in the wider black markings 
of abdomen, and in the reduced yellow tips of rectrices. 
“O. assimilis is exceedingly common in the small amount of - forest 
left in Cebu. It is a well-marked species and could not possibly be 
mistaken for O. steeri, being a much darker bird. The lack of the bright 
rump and under tail-coverts is an especially striking point of difference. 
Sixteen males average: Length, 225; wing, 120; tail, 89; culmen, 26; 
tarsus, 22.3; middle toe with claw, 23.8. Ten females, length, 217; 
wing, 118; tail, 87; culmen, 25.6; tarsus, 22.3; middle toe with claw, 
23.3. Iris usually bright red, but in one case gray; legs and feet dark 
drab, nails black; bill light to dark reddish brown. Food worms, grubs, 
snails, and fruit.” (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 
715. ORIOLUS XANTHONOTUS Horsfield. 
BLACK-HEADED ORIOLE, 
Oriolus xanthonotus HorsFiEtp, Trans. Linn. Soc. (1821), 13, 152; SHARPE, 
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1877), 3, 213; Ibis (1888), 200; McGrrcor and 
Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 107. 
Calamianes (Worcester); Palawan (Everett, Whitehead, Steere Exp., Bourns 
& Worcester, Celestino, White). Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Borneo. 
Adult male.—Entire head, neck, chin, throat, and chest black; back, 
rump, tail-coverts, and crissum rich lemon-yellow; feathers of back with 
obscure dusky shaft-lines; basal feathers of crissum with mesial streaks 
of olive-green ; lower breast, abdomen, sides, and flanks white with wide, 
black, mesial streaks; sides and flanks washed with yellow; breast also 
washed with yellow in some specimens; feathers of thighs black, tipped 
with light yellow; wings black; primaries edged with light gray ; second- 
aries, tertials, and greater coverts narrowly edged with bright yellow; 
median coverts more widely edged with yellow; lesser coverts entirely 
yellow; inner webs of quills edged with pale yellow; under wing-coverts 
black, edged with yellow; axillars yellow; rectrices black, slightly fringed 
with yellow basally, widely tipped with yellow on inner webs, about 25 
83286——19 
