. 
710 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 
primary nearly, or quite, as long as the third; tail square, or else the 
rectrices graduated ; tarsus stout, distinctly scutellate in front and bila- 
minate behind. 
Subfamily STURNIN 2. 
The arrangement of the genera here placed in the subfamily Sturnine 
is far from satisfactory. Oates, Fauna of British India, Birds (1889), 
1, 509, has established the family Hulabetide for the reception of two 
of these genera, Hulabes and Calornis (—Lamprocorax), and at the 
same time says: “Probably Hulabes should not be associated with Ca- 
lornis, but rather with the subfamily Sibune of the Crateropodide.” 
It is true that Hulabes and Calornis, as well as Sarcops and Goodfellowva, 
present some well-marked differences from typical starlings, such as the 
members of Sturnia, and some rearrangement of these genera may 
become necessary. 
Genera. 
@. Circumocular region fully feathered; no bare space nor fleshy wattle anywhere 
on the head. 
b*. Frontal feathers short; nostrils exposed. 
c’. Plumage largely white and gray; frontal feathers not soft and pile-like. 
d’, Bill shorter and stouter;.wing, 105 mm. or less........... Sturnia (p. 710) 
d*, Bill longer and more slender; wing, 115 mm. or more. 
Spodiopsar (p. 713) 
ce. Plumage entirely glossy greenish black; frontal plumes soft and pile-like. 
Lamprocorax (p. 715) 
b*. Frontal feathers long, erect or antrorse, forming a compressed fan-shaped 
covering to base of bill; nostrils entirely concealed...... ZEtheopsar (p. 717) 
a*, Circumocular region naked; or else with large fleshy wattles on nape and 
bare spaces on sides of face. 
b'. Tail longer, rectrices strongly graduated; a large unfeathered space around 
each eye. 
ce’. Without a crest; tail shorter than wing.....................-..--..-- Sarcops (p. 718) 
c?. With a crest of long decomposed feathers springing from the crown; tail 
mAh MOR GET Gh WAIN 8 jt tear eee RE Goodfellowia (p. 720) 
b?. Tail shorter and nearly square; narrow naked spaces below and behind each 
eye; a large fleshy wattle on each side of nape................ Eulabes (p. 720) 
Genus STURNIA Lesson, 1837. 
Bill rather stout, much shorter than head; culmen curved near its 
tip; nasal membrane covered with short feathers; frontal plumes not 
conspicuously developed ; head without bare spaces; rectrices very slightly 
graduated and extending little, if at all, beyond the rather short toes. 
