THE BIRDS OF HAITI AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 41 



having their nearest relatives in the Lesser Antilles or on the Amer- 

 ican continents. Certain others, as Dulus dominic-us, Lawrencia 

 nana, the two species of Microligea, Calyptophilus, and Phaenico- 

 philus are quite peculiar, Dulus, Lawrencia, and Calyptophilus, espe- 

 cially being without known relatives of close affinity. The occur- 

 rence of a species of Loxia with its nearest relatives breeding in the 

 boreal areas of North America and of a form of Brachyspiza, rang- 

 ing elsewhere through South America north into Costa Rica is espe- 

 cially notable in its union in the highlands of this Antillean island 

 of faunal elements considered typical respectively of the northern 

 and southern American continents. Though the presence of these 

 two here may be due to some fortuitous chance it is suggestive of an 

 earlier time, perhaps in the Pleistocene, possibly at the close of the 

 Tertiary, when these and other similar forms had a broader range 

 than at present, but through various causes have been restricted 

 elsewhere leaving a few survivors on Hispaniola as indication of 

 their former spread. 

 Following is the complete list of living forms peculiar to this area : 



Accipiter striatus striatus 



Rupornis ridgwayi 



Falco sparverius dominicensis 



R alius longirostris vafer 



OEdicnemus dominicensis 



Chaemepelia passerina navassae 



Oreopeleia leucometopius 



Amazona centralis 



Aratinga chloroptera cliloroptera 



Hyetornis rufigularis 



Saurothera longirostris longirostris 



Saurothera longirostris petersi 9 



Tyto glaucops 



Speotyto cunicularia troglodytes 



Asio domingensis domingensis 



Asio stygius noctipetens 



Antrostomus cubanensis ekmani 



Siphonorhis brewsteri 



Nyctibius griseus abbotti 



Anthracothorax dominicus 



Riccordia swainsonii 



Mellisuga minima vielloti 



Temnotrogon roseig 'aster 



Todus angustirostris 



Todus subulatus 



Chryserpes striatus 



8 Confined to Gonave Island. 



