﻿THE AGE OF PETROXIUS ARCITER. 77 



W. Zumpt* is an able representative of this yievf, which appears, however, untenable, 

 because, as we have seen, the Augustales were established by Augustus, and the Sodales 

 Augustales by his successor, Tiberius, and surely a later institution could not have been 

 the example for an earlier one. On the other hand, it was very natural, considering 

 particularly the spirit of sycophancy towards the ruler which disgraced all parts of Italy 

 during the reign of Augustus, that the worship of the " Genius Augusti," which was a 

 part of the duty of the Augustales, produced at a later period, after the establishment 

 of the Sodales Augustales, a resemblance of the two institutions, so that the Augustales 

 might be considered a humble imitation, in municipal towns, of the high and distin- 

 guished association of the Sodales Augustales in Rome. It is, moreover, possible, and 

 even probable, that the institution of the Augustales, in its further development, after 

 the establishment of the Sodales Augustales, boiTowed from them some customs which 

 tended to increase the resemblance of the two institutions, although they were different 

 in their origin, scope, and organization. 



But not only the origin of the Augustales is a disputed point, but also then- or- 

 ganization and duties. The Augustales were chosen by the Decuriones, the municipal 

 magistrates, and requu-ed to pay a sum of money, from which payment some were re- 

 leased. It is most probable that the Seviri were the officers or presidents of the 

 Augustales, although Marquardt advances the bold opinion, that the names Se-^iri and 

 Augustales were identical in thek signification. Zumpt is of opinion that the Se-\-ii-i 

 were chosen by the Augustales ; AY. Henzen, that they were chosen by the Decuriones. 

 The Sevii-i, too, had to pay a sum of money, from which some were excused; cf Petron. 

 57. 6 : " Se-iir gratis factus sum." The Sewi had, as a mark of distinction, six fasces 

 or lictors, one of whom announces the arrival of his master (c. 65. 3) : " Inter haec 

 triclinii valvas lictor percussit." It was the duty of the Augustales to take care of the 

 worship of Augustus, by preparing, on certain days, sacrifices, banquets, and games. 



Although the scholiasts of Horace, Pomponius Porphyrio and Aero, connect the 

 important historical notice relative to the re-establishment of the worship of the Lares 

 by Augustus with the above-mentioned passage in the Satires of Horace (Sat. 2. 3. 281), 

 it must not from this be infei-red that the time of that measure is thereby indicated. 

 The third satu'e of the second book is placed by Karl Franke (Fasti Horatiani), 

 Heindorf (in his edition of the Satu-es), and by Dr. W. E. Weber (in his Quintiis Hora- 

 tius Flaccus ah Menscli und Dichter) in the year 33 B. C. (721 U. C). OreUi, in his 

 second edition of the works of Horace, assigns it to the year 31 B. C. (723 U. C). 



* De Augustalibus et Seviris Augustalibus. Berolin. 1S46. 



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