﻿380 ON THE BOTANY OF JAPAN. 



however, not to the tribe Pceoniecc, but to the Cimicifugece, and in my opinion its 

 nearest relative is the AUeghanian genus Hydrastis. 



On the other hand, the Paonia found in Japan, wild near Hakodadi, is a European 

 type, and even a European species. In America this genus barely finds a place, in a 

 well-marked species, upon the mountains of the western coast, from Northern Oregon 

 to California. 



Of the MagnoUacetc (taken in the widest sense) — a type absent from Europe, and 

 equally so from all Western North America — there are about as many Japanese 

 species known as there are in Eastern America ; and all the suborders are represented 

 in both. Ulicium religiosiim of Japan is the covmtcrpart of our two Floridian and 

 Georgian species ; the Japanese INIagnolias (of which Mr. Wright collected only M. 

 hypoleuca, the blossoms of which he records as exhaling the odor of Gaultheria) are 

 not very close representatives of United States species, and there is also an allied genus 

 Burgeria ; and both Kadsura and Sphcerostema in Japan represent our monotypic 

 Schizandra. Indeed, a species which I have now to make known * (unfortunately from 

 the male plant only) would certainly have been referred to Schizandra if the polyan- 

 drous species had remained imdiscovercd, although it is clearly a Spluvro sterna of the 

 section '■'■Jilamentis hasi monadeJphis apice liberis" with the andrcccium reduced to five 

 stamens. Schizandra is the corresponding analogue of the other section of S2)hcerostema, 

 with thickened stamens bearing disjoined anther-cells, also reduced to five. 



Of the Lardizahalem only an Akehia was collected. The American representatives 

 of this small order are in the western part of South America ; the rest are Himalayan. 



Of Menispermacea, also an extra-European order, only a Stephania, apparently S. 

 hernandifolia, was gathered, at the southern end of Kiu-siu. It is probably Thun- 

 berg's Menispermum Japonicum. 



Berberidacecc. We have both the true Berheris vulgaris and B. Thunhergii, DC, the 

 latter very near B. Cretica, and accordingly hardly distinguishable from our own Al- 

 leghanian B. Canadensis. The Japan Mahonia, a link between the Western American 

 and Himalayan species, I have not seen. Nor was a single Epimedinm collected, al- 

 though Japan is apparently the focus of the genus. But perhaps the most interesting 

 and most unexpected discovery of the expedition is that of two strictly Eastern North 

 American species of this order, — each the sole representative of then- genus, — viz. 

 CaulophyUum thalictroides, and Diphylleia cymosa, of Michaux. The former was gath- 



* Sph^rostema Japonicum : foliis omnino Scliizandrce coccinece ; floribus albis ; staminibus 5 iniequaliter 

 connatis. Hakodadi. An S. Japonica, Sieb. & Zucc, indescript. ? 



