﻿ON THE BOTANY OF JAPAN. 391 



Mr. Wright did not obtain in Japan (where it was found by Drs. Williams and 

 Morrow) the Cmlospermum Gmclini of Ledebour (Phi/solophium saxatile, Turcz.), but 

 he collected fine fruiting specimens in Behring's Straits. An examination of these, and 

 a comparison with the plant of Northern Oregon, and with that inhabiting the coast 

 of the northern part of New England, shows (what I have long suspected), — 1. that 

 A. peregrina of Nuttall, from both shores of North America, is of the same species ; 

 and 2. that the characters upon which Dc CandoUe's ArcJianxjclica Gmelini has been 

 separated from that genus are variable and of no moment. Indeed, it were better to 

 restore Archangelica itself to Angelica. As to the number of vittse, they vary in A. 

 Gmelini, but are commonly rather few, only one for each interval, and two on the 

 commissure, as stated in the Florula Ochotensis. 



If the undeveloped specimens which, in Perry's Expedition, I doubtfully referred to 

 Archangelica officinalis, DC, are identical with a low, littoral Umbellifer which Mr. 

 Wright collected in the Loo Choo Islands, it may be held to be merely a glabrate 

 variety of a plant discovered by Dr. J. G. Cooper on the sandy beaches of Puget's 

 Sound, which I have characterized in the Botanical Appendix to the Report of 

 Stevens's Pacific Eailroad Exploration (still unpublished), under the name of Cymop- 

 terus ? littoralis. 



Some other American Umbelliferse, of more southern range, also inhabit Japan, viz. 

 Cryptot<snia Canadensis (unknown west of the Mississippi valley), an Archemora (fide 

 Zuccarini), Heracleum lanatum, and Osmorrhiza longistylis. 



Most of the Araliacea of Japan are of Eastern and insular rather than of North 

 American types. But it is quite otherwise in respect to the two plants of the order 

 which were collected in the northern part of Japan. One of them is Echinopanax hor- 

 ridus (Panax, Smith, Hook.) of Northwestern America ; the other, the still more inter- 

 esting Aralia ( Ginseng) quinquefolia, exactly our Northeastern American Ginseng, which 

 is unknown west of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes. The early missionaries were 

 correct in their identification of the Ginseng of America with that of Tartary; and 

 the Himalayan plant may be safely added to the species. And Aralia edulis of Japan 

 is analogous to our Eastern American A. racemosa. On the other hand, Hedera Helix 

 of the Old World (of which H. rhombea, Sieb. & Zucc. is merely a form) is appar- 

 ently indigenous to Japan, as well as to the Himalayas, although it appears not to 

 extend through Northern Asia. 



Cornacea:. Upon the mountains northeast of Hakodadi, Mr. Wright gathered not 

 only Cormis Suecica, which extends all round the borders *of the frigid zone, but like- 

 wise our C. Canadensis, Avhich has also been detected in the adjacent Kurile Islands, and 



