AND BYZANTINE GREEK. 11 



because it is old." They assumed that the limits of the Greek hxnguage had been 

 for ever fixed during the Athenian period. In short, they overlooked the simple fact 

 that a spoken language never remains stationary, but imperceptibly passes from one 

 stage to another. Sometimes they would carry their presumption so far as to attempt 

 to correct authors of the first order. Thus, Phrynichus finds fault with oS/^tj in Xeno- 

 phon, TT/DWTCB? in Aristotle, and e/x.-n-vpta-fio'; in Hyperides. But we must not suppose 

 that this class of critics had any influence with their contemporaries. On the contrary, 

 as they were remarkable neither for sense nor for real learning, they were contemned 

 by men of judgment, and ridiculed by epigrammatists.^^ 



The latter, namely, the literary exquisites,''^ conceived the preposterous idea of 

 restoring the classical Attic in all its splendor. The mania for rare and obsolete 



^' In Athenreus, this class of scholars is represented by Vlpianus of Tyre, surnamed KftrouKciToj, 

 because lie was in the habit of asking Kelrai; ov Kelrai ; does it occur ? does it not occur ? Sext. Adv. 

 Grain. 4, p. 237 Ovk dXiyrjv 8e tiv ?;(>; fioipav els TrparpoTr^v koI orav ^"Ke'ircofiev Toiis pirjSi Svo a-\i86v pfjiiara 8f^ia>s 

 fipetv Svvafieuovs ypap-jiaTiKovi idtKovras (KaiTTOu rav p-(ya bvvrjBivrav iv (V(ppa&ela Kai 'EWtjvicrixw naXatav, Kaddnfp 



QovKvSidriv, HXdrava km Arjfioadevrjv, i)s ^dp^apov ikiyx^iv. The following passages confirm Scxtus's view of the 

 attainments of these pedants. Anthol. Ill, p. 38 *hv roO ypajijiariKoi) /ivrjadS) p,6vov 'HXtoSapov, Ev6vs a-oKotid^ov 



TO (TTojM pov SeSerai. AtIIEN. 1.5, 2 Ei /hi) larpoi rja-av, ovSev av ?jv tu>v ypappariKcov paporepov. 



It may be added here, that, in a treatise entitled noXvj3ioi/ nepl jiap^apio-pov, all the examples 

 illustrative of solecistic construction arc taken from the best poets. Boiss. Ill, 229 seq. 



'^ These are the true 'Att i k i a-ra I or oi 'Am k i f o vre s. Compare Tatian. 2() Ti yap, & SvdpcoTrf, . 



tS>u ypappaTav i^aprveis tov nokfpov ; Ti de as iv nvypfj a-vyxpoieis ras fKCJiovrjO-fis airav fiid rcoi/ 'Adrjvatav \jr('\'Xt(rpav, 

 S/of (re XaXilv (pvcriKarfpov ; El yap 'AttikI^(is ovk &>v ^ABrjvatos, Xe'yf juoi toG pfj Aapi^eiv Trjv alrlav. Has to pev 

 elval crot 8o/S6i ^apPapiKarepov, to 8e npos Tjyv optKiav iKaparfpov ; LuCIAN. Lexipll. 20 Kal r}pas tovs vvv 

 TrpoaopiKovfTas KaToKnrav irpo xtKlav irdv fjplv SuiKeyerai. Siaa-rpecpav tijv yXarrav, . . . . wt Sf) Tt piya ov, ci 

 Tis ^evi'foi, Koi TO Ka6e(TTT]Kos vopiapa t^s <j)av^s TrapaKonTot. Ibid. 2o To 8e navTav KaTay^KacTTOTaTov tKuvo 

 fCTTiv OTI vnepaTTiKOS elvai d^iav Kal Tt]v (f>aivi)i' (Is to apxamraTov aTn)Kpi^apivos rouivra (via, pdWov 5( tu Tr^ti- 

 (7Ta, (yKaTapiyvvdS ToTt Xdyoir, a prjh( jrais I'lpri pavddvwv dyvor^<T(i(v. Quoni. Hist. Scrib. 22 E'tu p(Tu^ii ovtcos 

 evTcX^ 6v6p,aTa Kal SrjpoTiKa Kal TTTaxtKa noWa ■!Tap(P(fi(^V(rTO. GalEN. VI, 344 C Ou tois ' ATTiKi^dv iv rij (havij 



TTporjpr)p(VOis ypd(P(Tai TtWTa • . . . . aXX' tarpols pev pd^ia-Ta pt) irdvv ri (ftpovrl^ovcnv 'ATTiKia-pov OfTot ■^lap 



o'S' oTt Trjv p(V 'Adrjvaiav (^lavt^v ov8(V fjyovvrai Tipiaripav T^r Tav oXXwi/ dvdpaTrav. 348 A "Oo-oi 8( (p(vyov<n Tnv rav 

 TTp(KOKKloiv Trpoa-qyopiav 'AppeviaKa prj^a KaXovcriv dpfjiorepa. 351 K Tcoy ovav, a vvv p(v ovTas ovopd^ovcn irdvTes 

 'EXXjjj'fS', o\> a-vyxapova-i b( ol '.AttikI^ovtcs pird tov Y Xeyeiv. 3G1 E ToCto to Xdxavov ot tj/v (nlTpnrrov \lf(v8oiTai8(tav 

 da-K0VVT(S ovopd^dv d^wvai, pdrjiavov, ioa-TTep To'is npb (^oKocrlav (twv Adrjvaiois 8ia\fynp(v<ov i]pwv, aXX' oi^i toIs vvv 

 'EXXijo-iy. 363 D KaXoCo-t d' avTrjv It!]V Kivdpav^ ndvTa oi <j)(iyovT(s to crwr/^es ov Sia tov K Kal tov I Tnv irpaTnv 

 <TvXXaj3r]V ovopd(ovT(s, oXXa Sta tov K xai toO Y. 365 D OvS( yap toIs 'ATTtKi^dV t^ (jxavtj a-novSd^ovaw, dWd tois 

 vytatvdv ($(\nv<Ti ypd<li(TaL TavTa, 



For witticisms at the expense of the Atticists, see Anthol. Ill, pp. 47. 55. Lucian. Rhef. Praecept. 16. 

 Athen. 3, 53. 



