36 A GLOSSARY OF LATER 



Trpoa-coTTOV aov, 09 KaraaKevavei rrjv oBov aov Trpoaovov aov, 09 Karaa-Ke^affC tIv oBov aov 



e/MTrpocrOeu aov. ^covrj ^oSivTO'i ev tt] epTjfjLrp, efj,7rpoa6ev aov. $ow ^o6ino<s ev rl eplfio, 



eToi/xaaare ti]v oSov Kvpiov, evdeia^ Trotetre eri/xaaaTe ti.v oSov Kipiov, e(f>dia<; "TriiTe 



Ta9 rpi/Sovi avTov. Eyevero Ia)avvr]<; ^uttti- ras Tpi/Sovi a(j)Tov. EjeveTO loavK /SaTTTi- 



^cov ev Tji epT]ii(o km Ktjpvaaav ^aTrria/jia fie- ^ov ev re epi/io k€ Kipiaov /Bdiniafia fie- 



ravoia<;. Tavi,a<;. 



2. Inflection. The modern case-endings and personal endings, as far as tbey go, 

 are fundamentally the same as the ancient. Thus, Xe'yeTai, pronounced Xe'yere, differs 

 from the later Bocotic Xeyerr] chiefly in the quantity of the last syllable. But in the 

 inflection of nouns, adjectives, and verbs, the modern language has undergone the 

 following changes : 



(a) The dual nuniher has disappeared ; the plural supplying its place, as in Latin 

 and in English. 



(b) Masculines and feminines of the ancient third declension are generally inflected 

 after the analogy of the first ; as, ancient 6 ye'pcov, rov yepovTo<;, modern yepovrw;, tov 

 yipovra : ancient ^ ywT^, rrj^ yvvatKo<;, modem r) ywaiKa, T^9 yvvaixa^. 



(c) The modern language has no common gender. Further, all adjectives in OX have 

 three endings ; as rjav^o^, ^av^v, ^]av)(ov or ^jav^o. 



(d) The modern j^ossessive, reflective, and relative pronouns are periphrastic ; as tSt«:o'9 

 ixov or eBiKo'i /MOV, for e/im, my, mine ; rov iavrov /jlov, for ep,avrov, of myself ; 6 oTToto?, for 

 o?, who, which. 



(e) The modern future, i)erfect, and pluperfect are periphrastic ; as 6a jpd-^p-rj';, for 



ypdylrei'i ; e^^o) ypdyjrei, for yeypacpa ; el'^a ypdyjrei, for iyeypd(f>eiv. 



(f ) The modern third j>erso7i imperative is periphrastic, as in English ; thus, h ypd'^, 

 for ypa^dru), let him write. 



(g) The modern language has no middle voice ; the passive supplying its place ; as 



€vi<l)6r]V, e)(^pia6i]V, for the ancient eviyfrd/j,r]v, i'^ptadfiTjv : da vi(f)6ai, 0a ■)(piaOco, for vi,-\{rofiai, 

 •^^piaofxat,. 



(h) It has no optative mood ; its place being supplied by the indicative and sub- 

 junctive ; as El-jrev on r]6e\ev e\0et, or on 6d eXdj), for the ancient Elrrev on eXevaoiro. 



(i) It has no infinitive mood ; its place being supplied by the subjunctive with vd 

 (iVa), or by the indicative with on, ; as QeX<o va fiddo), for ©eXto iiadeiv, I wish to learn ; 

 Aeyco on e^a Ihel, for ^ripiX eapaKevai, I say that I have seen. 



Except the infinitive after the auxiliary verbs OeXta and e;\;a) ; as 6eXui <j)dyei, elxa 

 ^dyu. Except also the infinitive with the article ; as to Xeyeiv, ro exeiv. 



(j) lis, participle active is indeclinable; as Xeyovras, ypd(f)ovTa<;, S/Soz^ra?. 



