AND BYZANTINE GREEK. 41 



THE GALLIC OR KELTIC ELEMENT. 



§ 26. 



The Kelts (TaXaTab) under Brennus made an irruption into Greece in the year two 

 hundred seventy-nine before Christ."'' A portion of them crossed the Bosporus and 

 finally settled in a part of Phrygia, which from that circumstance received the appella- 

 tion of Galatkt. And because they were intermixed with Greeks, they were called also 

 Gallor/raeci. The -leading language of this country was the Greek, but its Keltic 

 inhabitants retained their original language, at least as late as the time of Saint Jerome, 

 who states that it was essentially the same as that of the Treviri.'^ 



The few Keltic words which occur in later and Byzantine authors must be regarded 

 as having been introduced chiefly through the medium of the Latin, inasmuch as the 

 stay of the Kelts in Greece was too short to exert any influence upon its language. 



See ^paicai, yaiCTO'i or 'ya'iaa, Ka^aWrj^, KapToKafiO';, Kaprafiepa, ov€pTpayo<;, aaTrwv, iu the 



Glossary. 



THE LATIN ELEMENT. 



§ 27. 



The Latin was the official language of the Koman empire. The judge must be 

 addressed in Latin, and judgment must be pronounced in Latin, not only in Rome, but 

 also in all the conquered countries. Greece, after it Avas reduced to a Roman province, 

 formed no exception to this rule. A Greek could address a Roman magistrate only 

 through an interpreter.'^ A public officer unacquainted with Latin, however >vell 



" PoLYB. 9, 35, 4. Paus. 1, 3, 5 seq. 10, 19, 4 seq. 



" HiERON. IV, 255 fin. Unum est quod inferimus, et proinissum in exordio rcddimus, Galatas, excepto 

 sennone GriBCO, quo omnis Oriens loquitur, propriam linguam eamdem pene liabere quam Treviros, nee referrc 

 si aliqua exinde corruperint ; quum et Apliri Phoenicum linguae nonnuUa ex parte mutaverint, et ipsa 

 Latinitas ct regionibus quotidie mutetur et tempore. 



'^ Valer. Max. 2, 2, 2 Illud quoque magna cum perseverantia custodiebant [magistratus prisci] ne Graecis 

 unquam, nisi Latine responsa davent. Quinetiam ipsa linguae volubilitatc, qua plurimum valent, excussa, per 

 interpretem loqui cogebant, non in urbe f antum nostra, sed etiam in Graecia et Asia : quo scilicet Latinae 

 vocis honos per omnes gentes venerabilior diffunderetur. Sueton. Tiber. 71 Sermone Graeco, quamquam 

 alias promptus et facilis, non tamen usquequaque usus est. Dion Cass. 860, 51 Koi iKorovTapxav [yKrjvitTTX iv 



ra cvvedpia fiapTvp^aai tl ede\jja-avTos, ovk r/veirxfTO • Ka'mep jroXXay filv SUas iv ttj StaXtxra Tairt] Ka\ (Kci Xeyopivas 

 aKoiau, TroXXa 8e Koi avTos iirtpuiTav. Ltd. 177 'Exeii'os yap \_6 ^airnfios^ aTixpvs Bo6(VTas Tiva: Bijdev Pa/ivXa ttot( 

 narplois p7]pa(n.v avacpepeL Toiis dva(j)avS6v wpoXeyovTas tote Vapaiovt rrju ru^'Ji' aTroXeii^ftf, orav avTol t^s narplov 0<iU'^s 

 VOL. VII, NEW SERIES. 6 



