AND BYZANtlNE GREEK. 43 



In the reigu of Justinian®" the Latin began to disappear from the East, and con- 

 sequently it was found necessary to translate the laws of the empire into Greek.^ 

 After the close of the sixth century it retreated from Greek ground. Even the 

 descendants of the Romans who had settled within the Byzantine emperor's domain 

 adopted the Greek.®'^ The knowledge of it was now confined to a few scholars.® And 

 in the tenth century the only remnants of the language of Home were certain sentences 

 chanted on stated occasions.'^'-' If, therefore, a word of Latin origin is found for the 

 first time in a Greek author who wrote during or after the second epoch of the Byzan- 

 tine period, we may safely assume that it was introduced before the commencement 

 of that epoch ; unless the contrary is satisfactorily shown. The same remark applies 

 to words of this description occurring only in modern Greek ; as Kovvia, Xovkuvikov. 



'Aj3j3a 'Apaivif, TTioj TO(TavTt]i> Traldevatv I'wfidiKrjV Kal 'EXXijwkiji/ imarTaiievos tovtov run dypoiKov irepl rav adv 'Koyitriiav 

 f paras ; 



*' This emperor regartled the Latin as liis motlicr-tongue. Novell. 13 Prooem. 'H fieV yap nuTpios ij^uv 



(jxcvfi praefectOS vigilum airovf eVuXftrf. 140, 1 Am Trjs 'EWrjviSos (p0vrjs ra? Upas ^IfiXovs dvayivwa-Kfiu 

 Tols cvvtov(7tv^ Tj Kal Tijs TTaTplov Tv)(iiV \TT]s 'iraX^ff Tavrris <^a/iei'). 



'^ BlASTAE. Pl'aef. fin. Ov p))v dWti kuX XanviKfi Xe|ir Ka\ (j>pd(ns fio-e'ri Toiis vcJuouf Kpiirrovaa . . . .'O 8i 

 ■nepiuivvpos iv ^acriKdaiv 'lovcmvtaviis .... npos Tr/v 'EXXi/wkiji' tu tc tu>v KaSUav Kal twv biykoTav ptTuliifiKrjKe 

 (ppdinv. 



" PORPH. Them. 1.3 T>)>/ Trdrptoi/ Kal PoifiaiKiiv yXarrav uTTofiaXuvTes. LuiTPRAND. p. 365 ConstaDtinum 



Romanum imperatorem cum Romana militia hue vcnisse ae civitatem istam suo ex nomine condidisse certo 

 scimus; sed quia linguam, mores, vestesque mutastis, putavit sanctissimus papa ita vobis displicere Ro- 

 manoram nomen sicut vestem. 



*' Compare Const. Ill, 1017 A TpajijiaTiKhs PioiiaUds, the patriarch's Latin secretary. 1017 D oCy kuI 



IJi,tTe<j)paa'a Poj/xaVcrTl (K tov avTov (IXrjrapiov. 



When Peti-us was bishop of Antioch (in the eleventh century), no person could be found in that city 

 capable of translating Latin into Greek. Pete. Ant. IGl C 'AneareiXa Kal to ta-ov r^r Trpbs ipi trra- 



Xeiarjs dvTi,ypa(j)^t ToC paKaplrov ndira Puipa'iKois ivi7(a-r)pao-pivov ypdppa<Tiv • ov yap fjSvprjBTjpev riva fvpdv bvvd- 

 pei/ov TTpos uKplfieiav els Trjv 'EXXuSa Tavrrju piTadetmi. rpavfiv : addrcsscd to Michael Ccrularius, bishop of 

 Constantinople. 



" PoRPH. Cer. 3G9 seq. Els ra XpioroG ycwu. Ae. Maple. Bfpyrive. Ndrouf. eV. Mdyia. 8(opievT(Koip fioinepa. 

 ddopdvTfs. 



Kp[<rrovs. Ae'ovs. Ndcrrep. Kovp. o'eplier. rjpnepiovp. Bfcrpovp. nep povKTOvadwos. ir. Bdi/of. 



Elf Til "taJra. 'ladmes iv 'lopddve. Banrl^aT. iioprjvovp. aeKoivdovp. tWovp. fiuKar Se re ^6\o [/3ajrT«fd/)tJ. 



Tfl (iym Kal pcydXjj KvpiaKjj ttjs 'AvauTacreas. Kovp KpovKrj(pt^ovs i(TT ir (tckovKtovs (t rip^ia hifppe. (rovppi^iT. 



El's tSiv aylav IIivTrjKO(TT^v. KovppavSalilT. airr^piTovp, trdKTovp. (Toinfp Toios dn6(TToKos. 



El's rrju MeTapup(f)aaw. KoiiK Tpuvf(j)iyyovpdTovs tor Iv pwvrep. 



Wc have given these sentences as they appear in the Bonn edition of Porphyrogenitus. In the orthography 

 of the Roman period they would have been written thus (the accents are ours) : 



