74 A GLOSSARY OF LATER 



that some of the early Romans pronounced the Latin diphthong AE like the Greek 

 AI ; ^'^' which shows that AE was not identical with AI. Further, the proper name 

 Caeso was often written Kaeso."^'~ Now, the Latin Jt was used only before the vowel 

 j_m rpi^g orthography Kaeso, therefore, implies that the first element of AE was A. 

 And as A corresponds to the first element of the Greek diphthong AI, the natural 

 inference is that the first sound of the latter also was A. 



Phrynichus objects to the pronunciation of 'AXkuIkov, rpoxalKov, dpxa'iKov, with one I, 

 and recommends 'AXKauKw, Tpo-^^auKop, dpxauKov, with two I's.'^* This implies that, in 

 his time, the I of the diphthong AI was distinctly heard. 



According to Sextus, AI was the representative of (f simple sound peculiar to itself ; 

 that is, it was a monophthong resembling no other vowel-sound.'°' 



In the sixth century after Christ the sound of AI was confounded with that of E, 

 even by scholars. Thus, the ear could not distinguish between Kviarmp, questor, 

 and KvaicTTcop, quaestor. '°^ And the rules of Choeroboscus aird of Theognostus 

 clearly show that, at least as early as the eighth century, the uneducated were apt 

 to write E for AI, and AI for E.'"' 



1^^ QuDJTiL. 1, 7, 18 AT syllabam, cujus secundam nunc E literam ponimus, vai-ie per A et I cfFerebant, 

 quidam semper ut Graeci : qiiidam singiilariter tantum, curfi in dativiim vel genitivum casum incidisscnt, unde 

 pictai vestis, et aiclai, Virgilius, amantissimus vetustatis, carmmimus inseruit. 



^^- Teeentian. Maurus, 799 Saepe Kaesones notabant hac vetusti littera. 



1*''' QuiNTiL. 1, 7, 10. ScAUEUS, p. 2252 seq. Velius Loxgus, p. 2218. Tekentian. Maurus, 797. 

 JIaxijius Victorin. 18. Arusianus Messius (Lind.), p. 243 et seq. Donatus, 1, 2, 3. Priscian. 

 1, 14. 47. 



164 PhryN. 'a X k a V k o v aa- ji a , bC Ivos I oi -j^pfj \fyeiv, aXX' ex Toiv Bvoiv, 'WKaiiKov, T p o ;i( a t KC o v , (cai 



dpxaiiKov. The reader will observe that Xeyf ix, to say, refers to sound, and not to spelling. 



"^^^ SeXT. Adv. Gram. p. 241 Kai avaiTTpocpms €(Ti(j6al Tiva <j>a(Tlv ivioi rS>v ^CKoao^av TrXfi'oxa orotp^eia bia<popov 

 i'vovTa Svnafiiv rav (rwifdas TrapaMofiivav, olov Ka\ to AI Kai to OY koI irav o ttjs ojiolas eWi <f>v(Teas. To yap a-Toixfiov 

 KptTeov ixdXicrra on crToip^fioj' coTix ex roC acrvvBeTOV Ka\ povoiroibv i'xfiv (^^o'yyox, 01.6s ecTtx 6 tov A Kai E Kai O Kai toiv 



\omS>v. 'Eirel ovv 6 toC AI Kai EI (f>66yyos cnrXovs eVri Kai fjLovoeibrjs, caTai Kai TavTa (TTOix^la "Qorc a-Toixe''ov 



eorai to AI. Tovtov 8e ovras txovTos, iirel Kai 6 tov EI (ftdoyyos Kai 6 tov OY povo(iSr]s Kai aavvdcTos Kai a/ieTd/3oXo£ 

 i^ dpxif "XP' «^o^f Xa/i/Sdverai, cVtui Kai ouTor aTOixf'iov. The concluding period in this passage seems to restrict 

 the term o- r i x f i o x, element, to AI, EI, and OY. 



1^^ Ltd. 140 Zi/i-jjo-ai Sc d^ioXoyox uvai vopi^io t'l pev iart k v a [ a t a) p , Ti 8e K u a i o- i T co p • Kai Ti piu crrjpaii/ei 



Sia T^9 St(l>d6yyov ypa(p6pevov, Ti be \/^iX^s. K v a i a T a p Toivvv 6 C^rrjrrjs arrb tou q u a e r e r e, oiox iptvvav 



"Ore Se pi) b'i(j>6oyyos ex Trpooipiois rj Xe|(S, dXXu -^p-iT^rj ypd^cToi, oiSe'repox pel/ Twv elpr)phav o-i/paixe i, tox 8e pepijflpoipov 



Kai /3Xdo-(^7)pox Sia Trjs ypa^^s eVi8ei|ei, on q u e r o r , p€p<popat. Here tlie word y pdcjxTai has reference to 

 the orthocrraphy of kv al(TT a p and Kueo-rup. Asto\|fiXi},it seems to agree with o-uXXa/S^ understood. 

 Compare E -kj/ i\ 6 v , § 47. 



"' ChOEROBOSC. p. 177 Al'yeipot, bta Si(pC6yyov Ta dio. 178 'A x a i 6 ij s , TO NAI Sl(pdoyyov. 179 



