AND BYZANTINE GREEK. 81 



3. In certain words, the later Greeks sounded SM like ZM; and in the time of 

 Herodian it was a question Avhethcr those words should be written with a S or with 

 a Z. See f/ua/Da-ySo?, ^^evvvfit., ^fiiXlov, a-fivpva, in the Glossary.'®^ 



4. The classical Greeks always avoided the combinations TZ, TS. The later Greeks 

 used them only in foreign words. Sept. Thren. Ta-aS-q, Tsade, the eighteenth letter of 

 the Hebrew alphabet. Inscr. 4945 Tceva^i-qT. 5127, B, 5 T^iafiw. Curt. Aj)pend. I 

 Tcrevira'^vovfteco';. 



The Byzantines express this sound by means of TZ. Pallad. Vit. Chrys. 39 D 

 T^dvoi. Proc. I, 78 T^avoL 361 T^dt.a)v. The modern Greeks use T^" ; as Kara-iKi, -n-eTa-l, 



5. In modern Greek, Mil is employed to express approximately the sound of the 

 English B ; as PojjLTrepT, Robert, MTrdipav, Byron, Miroarav, Boston. The origin of this 

 mode of representing B by Mil is the fact that, in modern Greek, JT after M is pro- 

 nounced essentially like B. 



In Byzantine Greek we have Pov/nrepTo^, Robert (Sctl. 720), and Pofnre'pTo<; (Comn. 

 passim). See also /M-7rdi\o<;, /xTroi'StaTT;?, in the Glossary. 



first declension of nouns. 



§ 59.' 



1. In later and Byzantine Greek, masculines in A^ (circumflexed) follow the analogy 

 of the Doric declension in the singular. In the plural they end in AAE'S. Thus, 



Sing. N. a/3/9as Plur. N. V. a/3/3aSe? 



G. dp^a G. d^^dScov 



D. a/3/3a D. (d^^dac) 



A. dp^av A. dl3/3dSa'; 



V. a/8/35 



So a/J,7}pa?, aa^ecTTW, ar^uTra?, /SeXorS?, eXaSa?, KaTa^\aTa<;, KepaTd<;, Ke<f)aXd<;, KO^Xid';, 

 Kpacrd<;, /crem?, o^vyaXaTO.^, crrofiaTd^. TheOPH. 689, 13 d^/3dB(ov. 698, 21 dfirjpdBa^. 



699 diJL-npdhe^. Const. IV, 869 C /3e\oi/aSe?. Porpii. Cer. 674, 13 dl3^dBa<s. Tiieoph. 



CoNT. 145, 19 Kapr^ifJ-dSav. NiCET. 304, 25 CTTO/iaTo'Se?. CoDIN. 70 KOxXidSe^. 



'''" Ael. Herodian. *tX. p. 457 ZriTflrai. ttus ypaTtriov TO '^jivpva, cTreiS!) Ttws ^era toO Z ypacpovtriv airo. Lu- 

 CIAN. Jud. Vocal. 9 "Oti Se dve^UoKou elpL ypijifia [says 2iy/ia] fiapTvpelre fioi Ka\ avTo'i firj^ewore iyKaKiaavri 

 Tw ZrjTa a-fidpaySov aiTO<TiTaa-avTi Km Ttacrav dcj)e\oiiivm rfjv ufiipvav. Sext. Adv. Gram. p. 2.53 'Orav <rKewraiu.f6a 

 noTfpov Sm Toij Z yparrriov c'ori to f/iiXi'ov Kol ttjv (nipvav, fj 5m tov 2. CrAMER. Vol. 3, p. 250. 

 VOL. VII. NEW SERIES. 11 



