AND BYZANTINE GREEK. 129 



Joseph. 5 Ti ovv elxov -Troirjaac ; the same as Tl ovv eiSet /Me voi^a-at, ; What Ought I then to 

 have done ? Leimon. 61 El^ov Xa^elv evXojlav tS>v dyiav, the same as "ESec fie Xa^elv ev- 

 Xoylav Twv cijloyv, I oiight to have received the holy men's blessing. Mal. 403, 7 Ti exco 

 TToirjaav to) kvvI ; What must I do to the dog ? 



6. Oe'Xco, shall, loill, as an auxiliary verb, belongs to modern Greek (see Eomaic 

 Grammar, § 32, 2 seq.). Ptoch. 2, 514 ©e'Xets aCpeiv, You will drag him ; perhaps the 

 earliest example of the kind.-"^ 



7. 'O^e/Xw, shall, must, ought, intend, expect, to he about to do anything ;-°^ with the 

 present or aorist infinitive. Apophth. Anton. 31 "fl^eiXov aTveXOelv; Ought I to go? 

 Leimon. 32 E^ep'^o/xat etc t^? weXX?;? fiov ev avry tj] aTadrjpa /leatj/jL^pca m? cxpeiXcov d-TreXOeiv 

 eU Tr)v Aavpav twv Uvpyimv, intending to go. Chron. 615 'OcpelXav Pco/xaioi'i TroXefiyja-ai, 

 for the classical -TroXefiriacov. 615, 17 'Oj^etXmv avrov? vrpoBovvai, = TrpoScaa-av. PoRPH. 

 Cer. 472 'O^a'Xei Be jiveaOai Xukko<! ey^cov ^d6o<; cnriOa/ia'i Bvo. 



§ 110. 

 Negative Words. 



1. Ov, non, not, extending to two verbs connected by kuL Mal. 141, 16 Ovk dire- 

 a-Tpd^rj Kol vTTeBei^ep avTok to lepov. He did not return and (he did not) show them the 

 shrine. 



2. OvBe'v, nihil, nothing, for ou, not. II. 1, 244 Xwo/ievo^ or' dpiarov 'A^aicov ovBev 

 £Ticra^. Od. 4, 195 Nefieaaaifial je p,ev ovBev KXaieiv. 



This use of ovBev is very common in Ptochoprodromus and in the Conquest.-"" 



3. In later and Byzantine Greek, /n] is often used for ov. NT. Joan. 3, 18 'O Be iiij 

 TTicTTeveov TjBrj KeKptrai, OTt, /mt] ire-KiaTevKev el<s to ovofia tov fiovoyevov<; vloi) to5 deov (8 87). 

 Joseph. Ant. 11, 5, 5 Ev6vfiovfievoi tt/so? eavTov; oti /MTjBev av Ta>v nreireLpafievasv KaKwv eTradov, 

 ei TOV vo/Mov Bie(pvXaTT0V. 11, 6, 10 ' Oti, fiTjBeh dXXo<s ToaravTq^ Tvy)(dvev nrapa Toh I3aai- 

 Xevai Tifiri<;. 14, 4, 4 ElBov oaa p-rj dep,iTOV rjv rot? dXXoi,^ dvOpwiroi,';, ?) /j.opoi'} Toh dp^iepevaiv. 

 14, 10, 6 E'TTetBr] ev ai/Tw /XTjre airo tuv BevBpcov KapTvbv Xap^dvovcrt, firjTe aireipovat,. Can. 

 ApoST. 76 "Oti p.7) %pr\. JuST. Ad Graec. 1 "Otl p,r) 7]Bvvri9r). Apol. 1, 26 "Oti p.7j BicoKov- 



""'' Compare Her. 1, 109 Ei 8' c^eXijo-et dvaff^vai. 2, 11 Ei !iv &fi e^eX^trti (K7pf^ai. 7, 49 Ei f^eXot 



TOi iirjSiv dvri^oov Karao-T^vai. 



^°' The Teutonic skal, shola, shall, corresponds, in signification, to the Greek 6(j)ci\a. 



^"^ The modern Greek negative 8ev, that is, ovSh, without the first syllable, made its appearance after 

 the middle of the fourteenth century. In Ptochopkodkomus (1, 71. 277) it api)ears only as a various 

 reading. 



VOL. VIL NEW SERIES. 17 



