580 APPENDIX TO THE GLOSSARY. 



influence upon modern Greek, which influence may safely be compared with that 

 exerted by the Latin upon ancient Greek. The languages of France and Germany did 

 not leave many traces behind them, simply because the French and the Germans that 

 settled among the Greeks were not numerous enough to make an impression. Before 

 its disappearance from Greece the Italian forced upon the popular dialect of the Greeks 

 a large number of words, together with the following formative endings : 



-ANOS, paroxytone, from -AXO (a modification of the Latin -AXUS), occurring only 

 in adjectives derived from names of places out of Greece ; as B€v€T^idvo<;, Venetian. 



-APfl and -IPfl, from -AIIE and -IRE, occurring only in verbs of Italian origin ; as 

 ^oXravT^dpo), to beat, a nautical term; <f)a\ipa), to fail. 



-EZOS, paroxytone, from -ESE ; as 'EyyXe'^b?, Inglese ; Skots^o';, Scotch ; MaXre^oi, 

 Maltese. 



The Eastern Turks made their first appearance in Europe about the middle of the 

 fourteenth century. The influence of their Tatar dialect upon the Greek was any- 

 thing but beneficial. It is to be remarked, however, that although a large number of 

 words (chiefly substantives and adjectives) were furnished by the Turkish, no formative 

 endings of Tatar origin were ingrafted into modern Greek. As to -AHU, -AIKI, and 

 -TZB.X, which are commonly regarded as having been adopted from the Turkish, they 

 are found only in Turkish words inflected after the analogy of the Greek. Thus, 



-AHX, perispomenon, from the Turkish '7 or 1/ ; as BeXeo-TtfX^?, a tiative of BeXe- 

 a-Tivo<i ; KalaepKrj<;, a native of Kaicrapeia. 



-AIKI, paroxytone, from the Turkish D/ or p/ ; as kuBiXiki, the district of a cadi ; 

 ircuraXiKi, the province of a paska. 



-TZHS, perispomenon, from the Turkish 'J (dzhi) ; as TraTroi/T^jJ?, shoemaker ; ye- 

 /MVT^ij'i, sailor. 



The Turkish was not affected perceptibly by the Romaic, chiefly because the creed 

 of the Turks taught them to hate and despise everything peculiar to the unbelievers. 

 Having adopted the religion and the alphabet of the Arabs, they regarded the lan- 

 guages of Mecca and Medina, and of the capital of their co-religionists, the Persians, as 

 the sources from which their linguistic wants might be supplied. As to the Mussul- 

 mans of Crete, whose vernacular tongue is identical with that of their Greek subjects, 

 it is to be remarked that they, as a body, are not of Tatar origin ; they are the imme- 

 diate or remote descendants of Greek renegades, and therefore their traditional language 

 has always been the Greek. The same is true of nearly all the other Turks who speak 

 modem Greek correctly. 



