64 THE MICROSCOPE. 



representation of microscopic objects on paper. Sixty accurate 

 drawings, at least, are required of each student. These are draw- 

 ings of the various structures examined during the course, the 

 specimens being prepared by the students themselves. The subject 

 of vegetable protoplasm is then taken up and studied with the 

 special view of ascertaining the effects of the various reagents em- 

 ployed in general laboratory work. Then follow lessons on the 

 vegetable cells in all their various forms and combinations which 

 make up the minute structure of the stems, roots and leaves of the 

 different groups. The study of diatoms and other miscellaneous 

 subjects enter into the course. Each student is required to give 

 three forenoons to laboratory work and to prepare and mount a 

 given number of specimens. 



Course two in vegetable histology consists of work in pharma - 

 ceutical botany, three forenoons of laboratory work each week for 

 twenty weeks. After an elementary knowledge of structural botany 

 is obtained the study of the minute structure of the medicinal plants- 

 is entered upon. Sections are made of the various roots,stems, leaves, 

 fruits and seeds and accurate drawings of the same required. 

 The commercial fabrics and the various powders are also studied. 

 Especial attention is given to the study of the powdered spices for 

 the detection of adulterations. At the close of the course each 

 student chooses a particular drug, studies it thoroughly, and presents 

 the results of his labors in the form of a thesis. 



Advanced Normal and Pathological Histology, — Any stu- 

 dent who has completed the primary course in the histological 

 laboratory, or who has performed an equivalent amount of work in 

 some other institution, can enter the class for advanced work. The 

 first work here is in testing objectives with test-plates and diatoms 

 and in becoming more famaliar with a few useful accessories. The 

 art of injecting is then taken up and the frog and cat are experi- 

 mented upon, as well as individual organs from larger animals. 

 Each student then chooses some particular organ or tissue and pre- 

 pares it in as many ways as possible for study. He thus becomes 

 familiar with the various methods of hardening, cutting and staining. 

 Pathological structures are now carefully studied. This includes 

 the study of inflammation and its results ; the study of diseased 

 organs and tissues and of the non-inflammatory new formations. 



