THE MIcRoscoPeE. 259 
of an object avails nothing if there be no concurrent disclosure 
of detail. Little is gained by expanding the image of an object 
from the ten-thousandth of an inch to an inch, if there be not 
an equivalent revelation of hidden details. It is in this reveal- 
ing quality, which I shall call magnification as distinct from 
amplification, that our recent lenses so brilliantly excel. It is 
not easy to convey to those unfamiliar with objects of extreme 
minuteness a correct idea of what this power is. But at the 
risk of extreme simplicity, and to make the higher reaches of 
my subject intelligible to all, l would fain make this plain.” 
Dr. Dallinger then went on to give a series of greatly magnified 
illustrations, beginning with the sting of the bee, and going on 
through a long series of interesting specimens of the lowest 
forms of life. He described and illustrated with great minute- 
ness experiments in the generation of these forms of life, from 
all of which he maintained it to be clearly proved that dead 
matter cannot be developed into living. 
“We conclude,” he said, ‘‘with a definite issue—viz. by ex- 
periment it is established that living forms do not now arise in 
dead matter. And by study of the forms themselves it is 
proved that, like all the more complex forms above them, they 
arise in parental products. The law is as ever, only the living 
can give rise to the living.” 
INTERCELLULAR SPACES BETWEEN THE EPIDERMAL CELLS OF. 
Prrats.—While the cells of the epidermis of leaves fit close to 
one another, without any intervening spaces except the stomata, 
the case appears different, according to G. H. Hiller, with the 
epidermis of petals, where there are very often spaces between 
the cells, especially in Dicotyledons. The size and form of 
these spaces vary with the species. They are situated either 
between the walls of the cells themselves, and then usually at 
the point of contact of several cells, or in rib-like foldings of 
the cell-walls. On the inner side of the leaf they are usually 
open, where not accidentally covered by a parenchyma-cell, 
while on the outer side they are always covered by the cuticle. 
Very rarely they occur in epidermis with straight-walled cells, 
and then always from their effort to round themselves off. They 
are then always found at the point of contact of several cells. 
