4 THE NORTHERN MICROSCOPIST. 
piece, or his one-eighth inch with the C. Considerable skill and 
patience is required in order to produce that illumination which 
will show the funnel-shaped structure, or “collars,” which surmount 
them, to the best advantage ; oblique illumination will invariably 
show form and structure which cannot be made out by the simple 
use of direct light. 
The genus Codosiga has been well studied by Mr. Saville Kent. 
The method of reproduction is simple, some zooids multiplying by 
longitudinal fission, while others protrude digitiform pseudopodia 
from all parts of their surface, become encysted, lose their mem- 
branous collars and flagella, becoming finally sporocysts or egg 
chambers, The organism represented at B is an early growth of 
the same species. 
The figure at C represents Salpingaca Boltont, a new species, 
here figured for the first time, and D is the Salpingeca amphoridium, 
which we have often seen growing also on Anacharis alsinastrum. 
The life history of this organism, as traced by Mr. Saville Kent, is 
of a most interesting character, showing, as it does, the retraction 
of the membranous collar within its lorica, its internal encystment, 
the amceboid condition of the sarcode, and the final detachment of 
the amceba-like body from its case. 
The organism which is delineated at E is the Cladonema laxa, 
S. K.a newly discovered species of the order Flagellata-Pantostomata 
and family Dendromonadide. The sketch shows a colony, as 
irregular pyriform bodies attached separately to the extremities of 
irregularly and dichotomously branched non-rigid thread-like 
‘pedicles. ‘The colonies vary in number from three or four to as 
many as twenty or more zooids; the endoplast is usually conspicu- 
ous, as well as one or more contractile vesicles, no distinct oral 
aperture is visible, the food being incepted at all parts of the 
periphery. 
Bicoseca lacustris, Baonbiae to the same order as Cladonema, 
but of the family Bikcecide, is figured at F. In this genus the 
organisms are solitary, inhabiting simple pedicellate horny loricz, 
to the bottom of which they are attached by a contractile ligament 
or peduncle. The members of this genus were first described by 
Professor James Clark, and were then figured as possessing a single 
flagellum only. It is now shown by Mr. Kent to be furnished with 
two distinct appendages, one long and the other short, the former 
when retracted being rolled spirally within the cavity of the lorica. 
Generally the multiplication of Bicoseca lacustris takes place by 
transverse fission, but it is also found encysted, the contents of the 
lorica appearing to be filled with spore-like bodies as in Codosiga 
botrytis. 
We conclude this description of our plate by drawing attention 
to figure G, representing Aeteronema caudata, belonging to the 
