188 THE NORTHERN MICROSCOPIST. 
Xenodochus curtus, and I have been given to understand that since 
its discovery by myself in 1873 it has not been found by any other 
person. It is described on p. 201 of Dr. Cooke’s “ Rust, Smut, 
Mildew, and Mould.” 
A complete host of Puccinizi may now be found within a short 
distance of Manchester, amongst them the thistle brand. Puccinia 
syngenesiarum. ‘This is indicated by a yellowish tinge of the 
infected leaf. ‘The yellow spores are known as Uredo airsit. 
The grass Puccinia, P. graminis, may be found now on corn 
stalks or leaves of wheat or grass. Common garden mint is now 
very liable to be infested with a Puccinia, P. menthe. It is very 
common and easily found. There are many others which I have 
never found near Manchester, some very interesting. Amongst 
them P. defonice on Betony I have often found in the Lake district 
and at other distant points, some fifty to a hundred miles away. 
Also P. variabilis, which I have often met with far away from 
home on the dandelion. Pignut brand, /. umbelliferarum, I have 
found at Taxal and in various parts of the Bollin valley, as also 
near Wilmslow and elsewhere. It has just occurred to me that the 
Ragwort brand, P. glomerata, is very common near Manchester, I 
have found it in Hough End Clough, near Cheadle, and elsewhere, 
and in large quantity at Rusholme, on the very spot where the 
Manchester Carriage Company have lately erected their stables. 
The Ustilagos may be found now pretty generally; some will 
have appeared before this time, but nearly all of them may be 
expected to be found during the month. 
The J. carbo on corn and grass is pretty plentiful—too much so 
for the farmer; as is also the bunt of wheat, Z7//etia caries. 
Some of the Ustilagos I have met with as early as June, but they 
generally linger on until autumn. 
I refrain as a rule from referring to leaf fungi I have not person- 
ally found, as I desire my notes to be a guide to the microscopic 
student. Doubtless there are many other leaf fungi to be 
found near to Manchester during the month which I have not 
named, but it is time I brought my paper to a close. 
THOMAS BRITTAIN, 
A RADIAL SUBSTAGE ILLUMINATOR. 
HE swinging substages of Messrs. Ross and Beck are useful for 
obtaining very oblique rays of light with the help of the con- 
denser. This has been accomplished in another way by Messrs. 
Swift and Son, in their Radial Traversing Substage Illuminator. 
