NOTES AND QUERIES. 23 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
As we wish to relieve ourselves of all purely 
business transactions in connection with the Journal, 
subscribers are kindly requested to pay the amount 
of their subscriptions to Messrs. Tubbs, Brook, and 
Chrystal, 11, Market-street, Manchester, to whom also 
all applications for advertisements should be made. 
ALL matter intended for publication must be sent before the 12th 
of eachemonth to the Editor, Mr. George E. Davis, The 
Willows, Fallowfield, Manchester. 
SorrEE. — The Associated Soirée of the Liverpool Learned 
Societies was held on Wednesday, December roth, in the St. 
George’s Hall. 
ADVICE TO STUDENTS.—Dr. W. B. Carpenter, F.R.S., in accept- 
ing the post of Vice-President of the Carlisle Microscopic Society, 
replied in the following words, which we commend to the notice of 
all students :— 
“T accept with much pleasure the office of Vice-President of the 
Carlisle Microscopical Society, for which you are good enough to 
propose me; and shall be very glad if any words of mine can help 
to give such a direction to the work of its Members as may prevent 
the ‘power’ of your Society from ‘running to waste.’ 
“For this end it is extremely important, in my judgment, that 
Microscopists should first train themselves in the expert use of the 
instrument and its most important appliances; and should then 
devote themselves esfectally (I by no means desire exclusively) to 
some particular study ; each selecting what his own opportunities 
and mental interests make him feel most suitable to himself. 
“Tt was thus that my late friend and early pupil, G. H. K. 
Thwaites, who had taken up the study of “zg Diatoms at my 
suggestion—now 40 years ago—was enabled to discover the car- 
dinal fact of their conjugation and production of a Zygospore. 
And if one-tenth of the time that has been since bestowed on the 
markings of their valves had been given to the study of their life 
history, our scientific knowledge of the group would have been 
greatly advanced, instead of remaining almost stationary. The 
continuous study of the life-history of the A/onads by Messrs. 
Dallinger and Drysdale, which has given results of first-rate im- 
portance to Biological Science, is a recent example of what may be 
done by a combination of two (or more) qualified observers. And 
