154 THE MICROSCOPICAL NEWS. 
brought out by the continued experiments of Mr. George Murray, 
of the British Museum, are that the fungus may attack fish with 
whole skins and otherwise perfectly healthy, and that an excess of 
lime in the water is not a predisposing cause of the disease.— 
Manchester Guardian. 
AN ENGLISH BIOLOGICAL STATION. 
From ‘ The Times,” 31st March, 1884. x 
IOLOGICAL station, some may be inclined to think, is 
simply aquarium “ writ large.” The two certainly do coin- 
cide to some extent; a biological station, as a rule, implies an 
aquarium, but it includes a great deal more. In the early days 
of public aquaria, some twenty-five years ago, and down indeed to 
more recent times, attempts were made to utilise these institutions 
for scientific purposes, and biologists hoped that great results 
would follow from their establishment. It was in 1860 that the 
late Mr. Lloyd designed an aquarium for Paris, and two years 
later a similar one for Hamburg. Others soon followed both in 
this country and on the Continent, nearly all of them constructed 
on the method devised by Mr. Lloyd, and several of them under 
his direct superintendence. Probably the earliest on a large scale 
in this country was the well-known establishment at the Crystal 
Palace, to the management of which Mr. Lloyd succeeded on the 
death of Mr. J. K. Lord. Others soon followed at Brighton, 
Manchester, Southport, Westminster, Yarmouth, Edinburgh, 
Rothesay, and many other towns in this country ; not to mention 
Vienna, Dresden, Frankfort, New York, San Francisco, Melbourne, 
and other places abroad, with the planning of most of which Mr. 
Lloyd had something to do. At the Crystal Palace, Brighton, 
Birmingham, and elsewhere, efforts were made to make these 
aquaria serve the purposes of scientific research, and at the same 
time to keep them open to the public as places of entertainment 
and some little instruction. In some of them naturalists’ rooms 
or laboratories were established, and experiments and observations 
attempted with a view to adding to our scientific knowledge of the 
creatures whose graceful movements the public never tire of 
admiring. But the great essential of all such institutions was, 
and is, that they should pay. They were regarded by shareholders 
and managers as simply forming part of their big show, not to be 
compared in attractiveness to nigger minstrels, Lulu, or a Chinese 
juggler, but still useful as a bait to catch certain classes of the 
