248 THE MICROSCOPICAL NEWS. 
other cases, in which the carbolic acid, iodine, etc., treatment was 
begun immediately after the inoculation had been ‘performed, the 
antiseptics were effective in preventing the outbreak of the disease, 
there can be no doubt, because in every one of my numerous 
inoculation experiments (see reports to the Commissioners of Agri- 
culture), in which no antiseptics were used, every inoculation of a 
healthy pig with fresh lung exudation was invariably and in due time 
(usually in five to seven ” days) followed by a development of the 
very characteristic morbid process, notwithstanding that in all cases 
the inoculation was made in the ear with a small inoculation needle, 
with which not more than about one-fourth of a drop of fresh lung 
exudation was inserted. I may yet state, in all my inoculation ex- 
periments I endeavoured to use none but healthy pigs, and undiluted 
virus, or material direct from a diseased animal was inserted. I 
never used anything but perfectly fresh lung exudation. An inoc- 
ulation with putrid lung exudation, or lung exudation swarming 
with Bacterium termo, may cause septicemia, but will not produce 
swine-plague. Now, in what way, or by what changes produced, 
did carbolic acid prevent the development of the morbid process, 
or check the morbific action of the swine-plague bacteria? In the 
dilution given, it could not, and did not, directly kill them. If it 
had killed them, the slight reaction which, in a few cases, followed 
the inoculation, would have been hardly possible. Consequently, 
it must have produced changes, or created conditions, not suitable 
to the exercise of the malignant (pathogenic) properties of the 
bacteria. It, perhaps, prevented the formation of zoogloea-masses, 
something upon which the whole pathogenic power of the swine- 
plague bacteria seems to rest. A swine-plague micrococcus or 
diplococcus is abundantly small to pass with the greatest facility 
wherever a blood-disk is able to pass, consequently cannot cause 
any stagnation in the capillaries, but as soon as zoogloea-masses, 
often a great deal larger than a blood-disk, are formed, stagnation 
or partial stagnation in some of the finer capillaries, embolism, and 
in consequence exudation, and often extravasations of blood, pro- 
cesses which constitute the basis of all the morbid changes, are 
inevitable. This also explains why full-grown, vigorous animals, 
with firmer capillaries, and a strong heart-muscle, older boars for 
instance, often recover, where every younger pig is bound to die. 
Still, in what way the carbolic acid is acting, besides materially 
reducing the temperature of the animal, I will not attempt to 
explain. 
To return to the southern cattle fever. I am sorry to say, an 
opportunity to make more extensive observations, and to verify by 
experiments those observations I have been able to make, has not 
been given me. I am working under instructions, and those in- 
structions have to be obeyed. One thing, though, I may yet 
