34 
.Ve  do  not  give  much  importance  to  the  ma- 
croscopical  morphological  differences  of  cul¬ 
tures  between  the  Endomyces  albicans  and 
the  Oidiutn  brasiliense-,  modern  mycology 
tends  to  consider  these  varying  and  uncertain 
aspects  as  of  secondary  value.  We  lay  stress 
on  the  microscopical  morphology  and,  what 
is  more,  the  biology  of  the  parasite.  Here  the 
differences  concern  the  exclusive  vegetation 
of  the  Endomyces  in  some  acid  media,  of 
the  Oidium  in  other  alcaline  media.  Gelatine 
is  liquefied  much  sooner  by  the  Oidium. 
This  difference  is  still  more  striking  for 
those,  who  denye  to  the  Endomyces  the 
power  of  liquefaction.  The  precocity  is  also 
manifest  in  the  coagulation  of  milk.  The 
table  of  fermentation,  we  give  in  this  paper, 
is  another  valuable  differential  element  and 
should  be  compared  with  that,  commonly 
given  in  papers  on  Endomyces  albicans. 
The  Oidium  kills  the  common  laborato¬ 
ry  animals  by  any  way,  even  without  scarifi¬ 
cation  of  the  mucosae.  The  Endomyces  al¬ 
bicans  has  not  this  high  pathogenic  power. 
The  experimental  disease  is  different,  though 
showing  some  points  of  contact,  as  is  the 
rule  in  nearly  all  the  mycoses  of  a  certain 
group. 
The  human  disease,  caused  by  the  Endc- 
myces  albicans  does  not  show  the  same  cha- 
racteristicals,  as  that  caused  by  the  Oidium. 
The  manifestations  of  human  endomycosis 
are  sometimes  small  post-typhoid  abscesses, 
at  other  times  bronchitis  or  pneumonia, 
the  latter  two  forms  according  to  GARiN’s 
paper,  already  cited. 
The  morphology  of  Endomyces  albi¬ 
cans,  in  the  contaminated  material,  in  cultu¬ 
res,  etc.,  has  today  a  classical  aspect.  Our 
description  of  the  Oidium  makes  comparison 
and  distinction  easy.  It  is  enough  to  cite  the 
potatoe-culture.  In  these  cultures  the  Endomy¬ 
ces  albicans  shows  a  rounded  form,  and 
never,  or  almost  never,  do  we  see  filaments. 
The  contrary  happens  in  the  Oidium 
brasiliense.  These  comparisons,  even  if  they 
seem  only  to  establish  the  differences 
from  one  Endomyces,  are  sufficient  to  secure 
the  distinction  from  a  group  of  them. 
We  refer  to  the  studies  of  CAS- 
TELLANI,  of  LOUIS  GUEYRAR  &  GUY 
LAROCHE,  of  GARIN,  BABINSKY,  DA1- 
REMA,  GIUSEPPE  CAO,  etc.,  which  show 
the  distance  between  the  species  of  Endomy¬ 
ces  and  the  Oidium  brasiliense .  We  recom¬ 
mend  CASTELLANPs  synthetic  tables  of  6 
species,  he  studied  in  Ceylon,  and  the  other 
one  of  13  tropical  species.  In  CASTELLA¬ 
NPs  work  in  Ceylon  some  points  necessary 
for  accurate  diagnosis  are  missing.  At  any 
rate,  after  excluding  tuberculosis  by  the 
sputa,  he  characterises  a  fungus  (Endomyces). 
which  does  not  coagulate  milk,  nor  liquefy 
gelatine;  the  fermentation  and  cultures  also 
are  wholly  different  from  those  of  Oidium 
brasiliense. 
GIUSEPPE  CAO  also  studies  the  com¬ 
plex  of  what  he  calls  Oidium  and  of  the  dis¬ 
ease  it  causes.  He  divides  these  parasites 
in  4  groups,  taking  as  base  of  his  classi¬ 
fication  cultures  on  gelatine  and  in  milk, 
the  fermentative  and  pathogenic  power,  the 
morphology,  the  origin  of  the  fungus  and 
even  the  mode  of  action  in  the  infected  or¬ 
ganism. 
In  all  these  groups,  even  in  those 
causing  diseases  in  man,  we  do  not  see 
anything  similar  to  the  Oidium  brasiliense. 
The  paper  of  GUEYRAT  &  LAROCHE  re¬ 
fers  to  a  fungus,  which,  though  not  found  in 
the  lung,  might  cause  doubts.  The  biological 
proprieties,  the  experimental  disease  (all  the 
organs  of  the  rabbit  are  affected,  with  ex¬ 
ception  of  the  lung)  differ  from  those  of  the 
Oidium  brasiliense,  as  well,  as  from  those  of 
the  Endomyces  albicans. 
There  is  still  another  point  to  elucidate. 
We  give  in  this  paper  photographs  and 
drawings  of  tissueforms  of  the  fungus, 
which  are  real  yeasts.  We  already  gave  our 
opinion  on  these  forms.  In  North  America 
LORENA  M.  BREED,  alone  or  in  collabo 
ration  with  others,  described  innumerous 
cases  of  a  lung  disease,  caused  by  a  yeast, 
which  by  form  and  culture  is  alike  to  the 
Saccharomyces  cerevisiae.  The  paper  of  BREED 
of  1912,  was  completed  by  that  of  1913,  in 
which  the  author  reports  post-mortem  exami- 
