35 
nations  on  patients  and  studies  of  the  lung  le¬ 
sions.  Treatment  with  iodine  gave  very  good 
results.  This  paper  proved,  undoubtedly,  the 
pathogenic  action  of  a  rather  wide-spread 
yeast  in  man.  The  fact,  that  it  is  a  yeast,  is 
enough  to  avoid  confusion.  The  cultures  of 
yeasts  are  easy  and,  if,  on  first  sight,  a  be¬ 
ginning  culture  of  the  Oïdium  brasiliense 
may  resemble  macro-and  microscopically  that 
of  a  yeast,  in  the  further  evolution  of  the  pa¬ 
rasite  in  artificial  culture  there  appears  im¬ 
mediately  the  double  differentiation,  micro- 
and  macroscópica!.  In  the  tissues,  the  yeast 
presents  only  forms  of  5 aechar o my ces\  not 
so  the  Oidium  brasiliense ,  which,  in  the  tis¬ 
sues,  shows  the  mixed  form,  though  in 
some  places  the  yeastform  or  the  mycelian 
form  may  prevail.  The  experimental  disease 
has  not  the  same  aspect  as  that  of  the  Oi¬ 
dium. 
Speaking  of  yeast  forms  of  the  Oidium 
(tissue)  the  idea  of  the  “pulmonary  zoogloeae” 
is  suggested.  To-day,  however,  MALASSEZ  & 
VIGNAL's  disease  is  referred  to  the  group 
of  bacillary  pseudo-tuberculosis.  The  germs  are 
zoogloeae  of  bacilli.  We  give,  at  the  end  of 
this  paper,  enough  litterary  references,  to  de¬ 
finitely  elucidate  this  question. 
We  shall  not  tarry  for  this  or  any  other 
affection,  belonging  to  this  already  very  vast 
chapter  of  human  pathology.  This  disease, 
as  the  forms  of  pseudo-tuberculosis,  produced 
by  inert  foreign  bodies,  are  distinguished  by 
the  evidence  of  different  results  in  any 
kind  of  examination.  We  need  not  insist.  We 
shall  pass  over  the  references  of  BEAU- 
VERIE  &  LESIER  to  “  Willia  anómala ”,  and 
a  variety  of  the  Endomyces  albicans ,  on  ac¬ 
count  of  their  distant  connection  with  our 
subject.  Also  the  paper  of  STEPHEN  AR- 
TAULT  (1898)  who  described,  in  a  pulmona¬ 
ry  cavern,  the  Cryptococcus  cavicola,  allied  to 
or  identic  with  the  Cryptococcus  glutinis,  does 
not  concern  us  much,  as  treating  of  a  form 
of  yeast. 
We  also  limit  ourselves  to  calling  atten¬ 
tion  to  the  observation  of  NOEL  BERNARD. 
His  fungus  is  easily  recognised  ;  it  is  allied  to 
or  identic  with  Rhizopus  equinas  and  capable  of 
causing  a  chronic  bronchitis.  There  is  nc 
confusion  possible.  We  come  now  to  Dr. 
IOSHIO  KATO’s  observations  in  Japan, 
wich  are  well  detailed  and  convincing.  This 
author  described,  in  the  year  1915,  a  pulmo¬ 
nary  mycosis,  produced  by  a  Leptothrix.  The 
clinical  observations,  the  experimentation, 
and  the  study  of  the  fungus  immediately 
separate  this  asiatic  disease  from  that  pro¬ 
duced  by  the  O'dium  brasiliense.  The  only 
remarkable  thing  is  the  aspect  of  the  sputa, 
containing  dark  grumous  particles. 
The  Sporotricha  are  also  able  to  attack 
the  lung.  The  human  visceral  sporotrichosis, 
however,  is  uncommon.  The  pulmonary 
forms  have  been  observed  only  in  very  rare 
cases  and,  even  in  these,  we  should  not 
forget,  that  the  sporotricha  may  be  found 
in  the  sputa  of  healthy  people.  The  me 
dical  literature  contains  cases,  in  which  the 
clinical  diagnosis  of  Iungsporotrichosis,  in 
spite  of  the  sporotrichum  found  in  the  spu¬ 
tum,  was  not  confirmed  by  careful  post-mor¬ 
tem  examinations  (case  of  LAYBRY  &  ES- 
MEIN).  The  observation  of  SEGUIN,  from 
Hanoi,  however,  does  not  allow  us  to  ex¬ 
clude  altogether  the  hypothesis  of  pulmona¬ 
ry  sporotrichosis.  The  aspect  of  the  parasite 
in  smears  and  cultures  is,  however,  classical. 
This  fungus  occupies,  to-day,  a  definite,  though 
possibly  transitory,  place  in  systematical  my¬ 
cology.  It  is  a  conidiabearing  Hyphomyces 
of  the  sub-group  of  the  Sporotricha  (VUIL- 
LEM1N).  For  deciding  the  question,  we  have 
also  the  immunity  reactions,  to-day  of  common 
use  in  laboratory  work. 
Already  for  some  time,  cases  of  visceral 
lesions  and  even  septicemia,  caused  by  para¬ 
sites,  conventionálly  called  Blastomyces,  fre¬ 
quently  appear  in  pathology.  First  of  all,  we 
wish  to  note  the  discussions  versing  on  this 
group,  which,  till  of  late,  was  uncertain, 
inexact  and  vague.  The  recent  papers  of 
VU1LLEMIN  are  tending  to  restrain  and, 
apparently,  define  it. 
The  Blastospores  are  fungi,  which  may 
be  localised  in  the  lungs. 
