89 
first  mentioned.  It  is  unusual  for  them  to  be 
directly  fixed  on  stones;  as  a  rule  they  are 
attached  to  plants,  principally  to  Podostema- 
ceae  which  only  grow  in  falls.  In  its  earlier 
stages  5.  amazonicum  also  lives  on  them. 
Lately,  I  received  the  following  species 
from  Dr.  MIGONE,  who  collected  them  in 
Puerto  Bertoni,  long  after  I  had  left: 
1.  Simulium  pertinax  KOLLAR. 
2.  Simulium  orbitale  LUTZ. 
3.  Simulium  paraguay ease  SCHROTTKY 
4.  Simulium  amazonicum  GOELDI. 
5.  Simulium  subpallidum  LUTZ. 
From  Prof.  WOLFFHUEGEL  I  received  : 
/.  Simulium  pertinax  (from  Puerto  Aguir¬ 
re). 
2.  Simulium  rubrithorax  (from  BON- 
PLAND). 
Simulium  subviride  n.  sp.  was  not  rare 
in  Puerto  Mojoli;  I  caught  it  on  horses.  5. 
incrustatum,  a  rather  common  kind,  came  on 
board  between  Porto  Mojoli  and  Porto  Tibi- 
riçá. 
Psychodidae. 
The  only  specimen  of  Phlebotomus,  seen 
on  this  journey,  was  caught  after  dark  in  a 
wood  near  Iguassú  by  the  light  of  a  lantern. 
It  was  a  female  of  Plu  longipalpis,  a  species 
which  also  occurs  in  Paraguay,  from  where 
Dr.  MIGONE  kindly  sent  rne  some  speci¬ 
mens. 
3.  Faunistic  distribution  of  Tabanidae. 
I  have  made  a  great  many  observations 
on  the  very  complex  distribution  of  South- 
American  Tabanidae.  Not  only  is  it  indepen¬ 
dent  of  politic  frontiers,  but  almost  even  of 
geographic  ones.  The  widest  rivers  do  not 
oppose  a  real  barrier,  and  the  Andes  aœ  the 
only  chain  of  mountains  which  separate  dif¬ 
ferent  faunae  almost  completely. 
Some  species  are  common  in  Brazil  and 
also  in  the  neighbouring  countries,  while 
others  appear  sporadically  in  places  separated 
by  great  distances;  most  of  them  however 
have  centers  from  which  they  radiate  over  a 
limited  area,  near  which  they  are  then  subs¬ 
tituted  by  other  closely  allied  forms.  Mean 
temperature  and  vertical  elevation  are  im¬ 
portant  factors  in  the  distribution  of  Taba¬ 
nidae  ;  there  is  also  a  marked  difference  bet- 
tween  the  mostly  wooded  coast  and  the  cam¬ 
pos  found  inland. 
But  for  the  above  mentioned  common  and 
widely  distributed  species,  the  fauna  of  the 
Northern  States  is  quite  different  from  that 
of  the  middle  regions  and  of  the  South.  On 
this  journey  we  found  the  fauna  of  the  two 
latter  regions  and  chiefly  the  species  living 
inland,  as  well  as  the  ubiquitous  forms.  Du¬ 
ring  the  best  part  of  our  travels,  I  only  collec¬ 
ted  on  board  or  at  the  river  side  without 
the  help  of  horses;  only  in  Porto  Tibiriçá, 
Porto  Mojoli,  in  Iguassú  and  Paraguay, 
between  San  Bernardino  and  the  Salado 
river,  did  we  have  horses  or  mules. 
Among  several  hundred  collected  speci¬ 
mens  there  was  only  one  male.  In  the  earli- 
ear  days  of  our  travels  we  had  much 
rain.  The  season  was  favourable  for  most 
kinds  but  it  was  already  late  for  some,  so 
that  our  catalogue  of  about  25  species  is  far 
from  complete. 
Follows  a  list  of  Tabanidae  with  indi¬ 
cations  of  the  places  in  which  they  were 
caught  (species  characteristic  of  the  local 
fauna,  in  italics)  : 
Tabanidae  from  the  region  round  Porto 
Tibiriçá. 
/.  Erephopsis  xanthopogon 
2.  Esenbeckia  Ctari 
2a.  Esenbeckia  Clari  var.  nigricans 
3.  Selasoma  tibiale 
4.  Lepidoselaga  lepidota 
5.  Diachlorus  bimaculatus 
6.  Chlorotabanus  mexicanus 
7.  Odontotabanus  aurora 
8.  Macrocormus  sorbillans 
9.  Neotabanus  ochrophilus 
10.  Neotabanus  triangulum 
11.  Neotabanus  comitans 
12.  Leucotabanus  leucaspis 
